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. 2024 Jul 15;19(7):e0305724. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0305724

Table 5. Decomposing corporate debt: Bank debt versus other debts.

Fixed effect regressions (columns 1–4) GMM regressions (columns 5–8)
(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8)
bankdebt bankdebt otherdebt otherdebt bankdebt bankdebt otherdebt otherdebt
aunc -0.124*** -0.024*** -0.136*** -0.007***
(0.020) (0.003) (0.011) (0.002)
func -0.039*** -0.009*** -0.044*** -0.003***
(0.008) (0.001) (0.004) (0.001)
size 0.028*** 0.026*** 0.006*** 0.006*** 0.032*** 0.032*** 0.002*** 0.002***
(0.004) (0.005) (0.001) (0.001) (0.003) (0.003) (0.001) (0.001)
sales 0.005*** 0.005*** 0.001 0.001 0.002 0.002 0.001*** 0.001*
(0.002) (0.002) (0.001) (0.001) (0.001) (0.001) (0.001) (0.001)
ppe 0.023 0.024 -0.002 -0.002 0.149*** 0.147*** -0.001 -0.001
(0.016) (0.016) (0.004) (0.004) (0.019) (0.019) (0.002) (0.002)
roa -0.259*** -0.247*** -0.017*** -0.016*** -0.466*** -0.451*** -0.010*** -0.009***
(0.025) (0.023) (0.005) (0.004) (0.037) (0.036) (0.003) (0.003)
sof -0.004 -0.004 -0.001 -0.001 -0.003 -0.005 -0.002*** -0.002***
(0.007) (0.007) (0.001) (0.001) (0.008) (0.008) (0.001) (0.001)
refinance 0.388* 0.361 0.083** 0.070** 0.385*** 0.349*** 0.027*** 0.023***
(0.218) (0.229) (0.032) (0.026) (0.045) (0.047) (0.005) (0.005)
gdp 1.109*** 1.214*** -0.107*** -0.079** 0.773*** 0.924*** -0.039*** -0.033***
(0.345) (0.367) (0.028) (0.029) (0.083) (0.085) (0.008) (0.007)
lagged DV -0.045** -0.037** 0.061*** 0.059***
(0.018) (0.018) (0.011) (0.011)
Observations 6,969 6,969 6,969 6,969 6,969 6,969 6,969 6,969
Firms 623 623 623 623 623 623 623 623
R-squared 0.061 0.058 0.082 0.087
Instruments 120 120 120 120
AR(1) test 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000
AR(2) test 0.153 0.148 0.810 0.785
Hansen test 0.411 0.388 0.122 0.112

Notes: Dependent variables (DV) are shown at the top.

* p<0.1;

** p<0.05;

*** p<0.01.

Standard errors are in parentheses.