Table 2.

Odds ratios (95% CI) for the risk of ASD associated with quartiles of BCAAs in dried blood spots

Variables	ASD/control	Model 1		Model 2		Model 3
	n (%)	OR (95% CI)	P-value	OR (95% CI)	P-value	OR (95% CI)	P-value
Total BCAA (μmol/L)
Q1 (< 243.33)	9 (6.3)/19 (25.3)	1.00		1.00		1.0
Q2 (243.33–295.48)	45 (31.3)/19 (25.3)	3.88 (1.48, 10.16)	< 0.001	3.67 (1.35, 9.96)	0.011	4.60 (1.60, 13.21)	0.005
Q3 (295.48–355.40)	38 (26.4)/19 (25.3)	9.00 (3.57, 22.72)	< 0.001	8.26 (3.16, 21.60)	< 0.001	12.77 (4.10, 39.78)	< 0.001
Q4 (> 355.40)	52 (36.1)/18 (24.0)	12.86 (5.14, 32.14)	< 0.001	13.18 (5.09, 34.10)	< 0.001	29.84 (6.41, 183.91)	< 0.001
P trend		< 0.001		< 0.001		< 0.001
Val (μmol/L)
Q1 (< 126.98)	14 (9.7)/19 (25.3)	1.00		1.00		1.00
Q2 (126.98–161.23)	43 (29.9)/19 (25.3)	3.58 (1.52, 8.43)	0.003	3.08 (1.27, 7.49)	0.013	3.31 (1.26, 8.71)	0.015
Q3 (161.23–189.79)	31 (21.5)/19 (25.3)	6.10 (2.65, 14.04)	< 0.001	5.72 (2.41, 13.61)	< 0.001	6.22 (2.06, 18.81)	0.001
Q4 (> 189.79)	56 (38.9)/18 (24.0)	8.0 (3.51, 18.25)	< 0.001	7.80 (3.32, 18.34)	< 0.001	8.95 (1.95, 41.12)	0.005
P trend		< 0.001		< 0.001		0.003
Leu (μmol/L)
Q1 (< 110.40)	3 (2.1)/19 (25.3)	1.00		1.00		1.00
Q2 (110.40–140.90)	36 (25.0)/19 (25.3)	4.43 (1.70, 11.51)	0.002	4.38 (1.63, 11.77)	0.003	3.80 (1.32, 10.92)	0.013
Q3 (140.90–175.23)	64 (44.4)/19 (25.3)	10.86 (4.33, 27.26)	< 0.001	10.71 (4.12, 21.80)	< 0.001	8.17 (2.50, 26.77)	0.001
Q4 (> 175.23)	41 (28.5)/18 (24.0)	10.43 (4.15, 26.21)	< 0.001	10.85 (4.17, 28.21)	< 0.001	6.32 (1.16, 34.43)	0.033
P trend		< 0.001		< 0.001		0.003

P-values were calculated by logistic regression. Model 1, not adjusted. Model 2, adjusted for sex, age, and BMI. Model 3, adjusted for sex, age, BMI, and levels of total BCAAs, Val, and Leu. BCAAs branched-chain amino acids, Val valine, Leu leucine/isoleucine