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. 2024 May 23;416(18):4015–4028. doi: 10.1007/s00216-024-05339-0

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© The Author(s) 2024

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Fig. 4 — mIF and mIHC post-DESI-MSI. Protein epitopes and antibody binding for mIHC and mIF on kidney tissue remain intact post-DESI-MSI with the HTL at 150 °C and 450 °C. a mIHC image of collecting ducts (pan-cytokeratin⁺ (PK), green labelling) and glomeruli (vimentin⁺, brown labelling) post-DESI analysis with HTL at 450 °C, correlating to b higher taurine (m/z 124.0074) signal intensity and c podocytes (P57⁺) in glomeruli. d Composite of mIF-positive cells for P57 (podocytes, green labelling), PFKFB3 (glycolysis, yellow labelling), and HIF1α (hypoxia, red labelling) post-DESI with HTL 450 °C. e, g mIF and f, h mIHC image of the glomerulus of control and DESI analyzed section at 150 °C. NucBlue™ was used as the nuclear marker