TABLE 2.

Techniques for molecular testing and their clinical implications

Technique	What does it do?	Sample types used	What is the clinical significance?
IHC	Detection of protein expression	Tissue	Therapeutic decision
PCR	Detection of gene mutations	Tissue/blood	Therapeutic decision/mechanism of resistance
NGS	Detection of gene mutations Amplification Skipping mutations	Tissue/blood	Therapeutic decision/mechanism of resistance
FISH	Gene rearrangements Amplification Skipping mutations	Tissue	Therapeutic decision/mechanism of resistance

IHC: immunohistochemistry; NGS: next-generation sequencing; FISH: fluorescence in situ hybridisation.