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. 2024 Feb 27;3(2):pgae044. doi: 10.1093/pnasnexus/pgae044

Fig. 1.

Fig. 1.

Time-resolved evaluation of indoor atmospheric NCA formation and transformation during propane gas cooking via high-resolution online nanoparticle measurements—first row: propane-gas-cooking-emitted NCA number size distributions (dN/dlogDp); second row: size-integrated (1.18–3 nm) propane-gas-cooking-emitted NCA number concentrations (NNCA); third row: Conventional indoor air pollution markers: PM2.5 mass concentrations and NO + NO2 mixing ratios; fourth row: carbon-mass-based (1.18–3 nm) propane-gas-cooking-emitted NCA emission factors (ENCA) and the aerosol Fuchs surface area (AFuchs); fifth row: coagulation sink, coagulation source, and the net difference between the coagulation sink and coagulation source; and sixth row: cumulative adult respiratory-tract-deposited doses (DNCA) during the propane-gas-cooking measurements in the Purdue zEDGE test house. Left: A, C, E, G, I, K): composite median of small/moderate indoor CoagSnk cases (boiling water). Right: B, D, F, H, J, L): composite median of large indoor CoagSnk cases (cooking grilled cheese; composite median for cooking buttermilk pancakes is shown in the Supplementary material, Fig. S9). The coagulation sink presented in I) and J) represents the median of the size-resolved coagulation sink values in the NCA size fraction. For X = Src in I) and J), the coagulation source values are computed as the median of CoagSrcdp/Ndp over the NCA size fraction.