Table 2. An overview of the characteristics of the included literatures relevant to postoperative CSF leak.
| Author | Year | Sample capacity | Intervening measure | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Experimental group | Control group | Experimental group | Control group | |||
| Achey et al. (54) | 2019 | 175 | 444 | Stereotactic CT-assisted endoscope | Endoscope | |
| Alshareef et al. (55) | 2021 | 34 | 104 | IOUS | Without IOUS | |
| Chung et al. (24) | 2015 | 2,996 | 45,446 | CT/MRI-assisted endoscope | Endoscope | |
| Eboli et al. (28) | 2011 | 208 | 65 | iCT/EM-assisted TSA | Fluoroscope-assisted TSA | |
| Tosaka et al. (56) | 2015 | 30 | 30 | iCT-assisted endoscopic TSA | Conventional endoscopic TSA | |
CSF leak, cerebrospinal fluid leak; CT, computed tomography; IOUS, intraoperative ultrasonography; MRI, magnetic resonance imaging; iCT, intraoperative computed tomography; EM, frameless electromagnetic; TSA, transsphenoidal approach.