Table 2. VAS, passive ROM, and SPADI of adhesive capsulitis patients at pre- and 4 weeks after CEUS-guided glenohumeral joint hydrodilatation.

Characteristic	Pre-treatment	4 weeks after treatment	Difference
VAS score	6.8±0.97	3.1±0.56*	3.7±0.92
SPADI score	60.9±10.46	32.4±13.35*	28.5±7.93
Flexion (°)	107.8±10.35	124.5±10.01*	16.8±3.24
Abduction (°)	61.8±10.94	83.3±12.93*	21.5±5.37
External rotation (°)	32.5±6.00	48.7±7.18*	16.1±4.25

Values represent mean ± standard deviation. *, compared with baseline, P<0.001. VAS, visual analog scale; ROM, range of motion; SPADI, shoulder pain and disability index; CEUS, contrast-enhanced ultrasound.