TABLE 2.
Comparison of the significant results of the studies of Rannou 2007, Boisson 2019, Dudli 2020, Karppinen 2021, Giefsen 2021, Li 2022, and Aboushaala 2024 with our results. ‐ = not measured, n.s. and green = no significant result, n.d. = not detected (DIA/SWATH‐MS) or below detection limit (in all other tests), orange = significant result.
| Study | Current study | Rannou 2007 | Boisson 2019 | Dudli 2020 | Karppinen 2021 | Giefsen 2021 | Li 2022 | Aboushaala 2024 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Population | Population cohort | Patients hospitalized for cLBP (noMC vs. MC1 and MC2), MC only on 1 level in the lumbar spine | Outpatient patients with cLBP + MC1 versus cLBP + noMC | Outpatient patients with cLBP + noMC vs. MC1, MC2 vs. age and sex‐matched volonteers with noLBP + noMC and MC | Outpatient patients with cLBP + MC1, MC2 or MC1/2 versus volonteers with noLBP + noMC | Outpatient patients with cLBP + MC1, MC2 versus volunteers with noLBP (no MRI) | Population cohort | Patients undergoing spinal fusion or micro‐discectomy surgery with or without MC | |
| n | MS: MC n = 50, noMC =50 | Cytokine/chemokine panel: MC n = 158, noMC n = 168 | MC1 n = 12, MC2 n = 2, noMC n = 12 | MC1 n = 13, noMC n = 21 | MC + cLBP n = 19, noMC + cLBP n = 19, noLBP + noMC n = 14 | MC + cLBP n = 40, noMC + noLBP n = 40 | MC1 n = 46, MC2 n = 37, noMC n = 50 | Total n = 3584 | MC = 13, noMC = 18 |
| C‐reactive protein | n.s. | n.s. | Increased in MC1 versus noMC and MC2 | ‐ | ‐ | n.s. | n.s. | ‐ | ‐ |
| Neo‐epitopes of pro‐collagen type 3 | n.d. | ‐ | ‐ | ‐ | Increased in MC1 + cLBP and MC2 + cLBP versus noMC | ‐ | ‐ | ‐ | ‐ |
| Neo‐epitopes of pro‐collagen type 4 | n.d. | ‐ | ‐ | ‐ | Increased in MC2 versus noMC | ‐ | ‐ | ‐ | ‐ |
| Collagen degradation neo‐eiptope type 4 | n.d. | ‐ | ‐ | ‐ | Increased in any MC versus no MC | ‐ | ‐ | ‐ | ‐ |
| Interleukin‐6 | n.d. | n.s. | ‐ | n.s. | ‐ | n.s. | Increased in MC1 and MC2 versus controls | ‐ | n.d. |
| Interleukin‐8 | n.d. | n.s. | ‐ | n.s. | ‐ | Decreased in any MC versus no MC | n.s. | ‐ | n.d. |
| Tumor necrosis factor‐α | n.d. | n.s. | ‐ | n.s. | ‐ | Decreased in any MC versus no MC | n.s. | ‐ | n.d. |
| C‐terminal polypeptide‐1 | n.d. | ‐ | ‐ | ‐ | ‐ | Decreased in any MC versus no MC | ‐ | ‐ | |
| Eotaxin‐1/CCL11 | n.d. | n.s. | ‐ | ‐ | ‐ | Decreased in any MC versus no MC | n.s. | ‐ | n.s. |
| Eotaxin‐3/CCL26 | n.d. | n.s. | ‐ | ‐ | ‐ | Decreased in any MC versus no MC | n.s. | ‐ | n.d. |
| Macrophage inflammatory protein‐1α/CCL3 | n.d. | n.s. | ‐ | ‐ | ‐ | Decreased in any MC versus no MC | n.s. | ‐ | n.d. |
| Mast cell protease‐1 | n.d. | n.s. | ‐ | ‐ | ‐ | Decreased in any MC versus no MC | ‐ | ‐ | ‐ |
| Regulated on activation, normal T cell expressed and secreted (RANTES)/CCL5 | n.d. | ‐ | ‐ | ‐ | ‐ | Decreased in any MC versus noMC | ‐ | ‐ | Increased in MC vc noMC |
| TARC /CCL17 | n.d. | n.s. | ‐ | ‐ | ‐ | Decreased in any MC versus noMC | n.s. | ‐ | n.d. |
| Interleukin‐15 | n.d. | n.s. | ‐ | ‐ | ‐ | Decreased in any MC versus noMC | ‐ | ‐ | n.d. |
| Interleukin‐16 | n.d. | n.s. | ‐ | ‐ | ‐ | n.s. | Increased in MC1 and MC2 versus controls | ‐ | n.s. |
| Tumor necrosis factor‐β | n.d. | n.s. | ‐ | ‐ | Decreased in any MC versusno MC | ‐ | ‐ | n.d. | |
| Interleukin‐1sRII | n.d. | ‐ | ‐ | ‐ | ‐ | Increased in any MC versus noMC | ‐ | ‐ | ‐ |
| Interferon‐γ | n.d. | n.s. | ‐ | ‐ | ‐ | Decreased in any MC versus noMC | n.s. | ‐ | n.d. |
| Vascular endothelial growth factor‐C | n.d. | n.s. | ‐ | ‐ | ‐ | Decreased in any MC versus noMC | ‐ | ‐ | ‐ |
| Vascular endothelial growth factor‐D | n.d. | n.s. | ‐ | ‐ | ‐ | Decreased in any MC versus noMC | ‐ | ‐ | ‐ |
| Angiopoetin receptor (Tie)‐2 | n.d. | n.s. | ‐ | ‐ | ‐ | Decreased in any MC versus noMC | ‐ | ‐ | ‐ |
| Vascular endothelial growth factor receptor −1 | n.d. | n.s. | ‐ | ‐ | ‐ | Decreased in any MC versus no MC | ‐ | ‐ | ‐ |
| Hepatocyte growth factor | n.d. | n.s. | ‐ | ‐ | ‐ | Increased in any MC versus no MC | ‐ | ‐ | n.s. |
| Intercellular adhesion molecule‐1 | n.s. | n.s. | ‐ | ‐ | ‐ | Decreased in any MC versus no MC, neg. correlation between MC and MC1 size and serum concentration | ‐ | ‐ | ‐ |
| Vascular cell adhesion molecule‐1 | n.s. | n.s. | ‐ | ‐ | ‐ | Decreased in any MC versus no MC | ‐ | ‐ | ‐ |
| Macrophage migration inhibitory factor | n.d. | ‐ | ‐ | ‐ | ‐ | ‐ | Increased in MC1 and MC2 versus controls | ‐ | Decreased in MC versus noMC |
| CCL20 | n.d. | ‐ | ‐ | ‐ | ‐ | ‐ | Increased in MC1 versus controls | ‐ | n.d. |
| CCL27 | n.d. | ‐ | ‐ | ‐ | ‐ | ‐ | Increased in MC1 and MC2 versus controls | ‐ | ‐ |
| CX3CL1 | n.d. | ‐ | ‐ | ‐ | ‐ | ‐ | Increased in MC1 and MC2 versus controls | ‐ | n.d. |
| Cholesterol esters in large LDL | ‐ | ‐ | ‐ | ‐ | ‐ | ‐ | ‐ | Correlated with lumbar MC | ‐ |
| Phospholipids in large LDL | ‐ | ‐ | ‐ | ‐ | ‐ | ‐ | ‐ | Correlated with MC2 | ‐ |
| Mean diameter for LDL including IDL | ‐ | ‐ | ‐ | ‐ | ‐ | ‐ | ‐ | Negatively correlated with MC2 | ‐ |
| Mean diameter for VLDL | ‐ | ‐ | ‐ | ‐ | ‐ | ‐ | ‐ | Negatively correlated with lumbar MC, indication for causal effect | ‐ |
| Phospholipids in chylomicrons and extremely large VLDL | ‐ | ‐ | ‐ | ‐ | ‐ | ‐ | ‐ | Negatively correlated with MC2 | ‐ |