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. 2024 Jul 15;15:5650. doi: 10.1038/s41467-024-49967-7

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© The Author(s) 2024, corrected publication 2024

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Fig. 3 — This representation uses the D3 forceLink layout, providing a detailed visualisation and offering epidemiological insights into naturally occurring zoonotic interactions in Austria. The zoonotic web is a bipartite network, where each node (circle) represents an actor in the zoonotic web, with one set of nodes representing zoonotic agents (black nodes) and the second set representing zoonotic sources that belong to different categories: vertebrate hosts (red nodes), vectors (yellow nodes), foodstuffs (blue nodes), and environmental matrices (green nodes). A link between a zoonotic agent i and a vertebrate host j indicates that agent i was directly or indirectly detected in host j; a link between a zoonotic agent i and a vector j signifies that agent i was identified in vector j, implying that vector j may transmit agent i to a vertebrate host through a bite or mechanically; a link between a zoonotic agent i and an environmental matrix j indicates the presence of agent i in environment j, potentially leading to infection of a vertebrate host upon contact; and a link between a zoonotic agent i and a food matrix j indicates that agent i was detected in food j, which may result in the infection of a vertebrate host through ingestion. Node size represents the actor’s degree centrality. The node degree centrality for each zoonotic source corresponds to the zoonotic agent richness, i.e., the number of taxa directly or indirectly evidenced from the zoonotic source. The node degree centrality for each zoonotic agent corresponds to the zoonotic source range, i.e., the number of sources from which the agent has been directly or indirectly evidenced, reflecting its “host” or “zoonotic source” plasticity. The bottom-right graph illustrates the degree distribution for the “zoonotic agents” and “zoonotic sources” partitions, the latter being disaggregated based on source categories. Interactive version at: https://vis.csh.ac.at/zoonotic-web/dashboard.html.