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. 2024 Jul 16;24:210. doi: 10.1186/s12893-024-02494-0

Table 2.

Newcastle–Ottawa scale ratings for included studies

Study Selection Comparability Outcome Total score and quality
Representativeness of exposed cohort (one star) Selection of non-exposed cohort (one star) Ascertainment of exposure (one start) Outcome of interest does not present at start of star (one star) One or two stars Assessment of outcome (one star) Length of follow up adequate for outcome (one star) Adequacy of follow up (one star
Bennet et al. [22] * * * * * * * * 8 Good
Berger et al. [27] * * * * * * * * 8 Good
Beyene et al. [39] * * * * * * * 8 Good
Bicket et al. [30] * * * * ** * * 8 Good
Brescia et al. [23] * * * * * * * * 8 Good
Brescia et al. [24] * * * * * * * * 8 Good
Brown et al. [33] * * * * * * * * 8 Good
Brummet et al. [19] * * * * * * * * 8 Good
Clement et al. [36] * * * * * * * * 8 Good
Clement et al. [35] * * * * * * * * 8 Good
Clement et al. [34] * * * * * * * * 8 Good
Delaney et al. [38] * * * * * * * * 8 Good
Gil et al. [28] * * * * * * * * 8 Good
Gossett et al. [31] * * * * * * * * 8 Good
Harbaugh et al. [21] * * * * * * * * 8 Good
Johnson et al. [18] * * * * * * * * 8 Good
Lee et al. [20] * * * * * * * * 8 Good
Roughead et al. [26] * * * * * * 6 Poor
Santosa et al. [37] * * * * * * * * 8 Good
Thiels et al. [25] * * * * * * * * 8 Good
Ward et al. [32] * * * * * * * * 8 Good
Wright et al. [29] * * * * * * * * 8 Good