Characteristic
|
|
|
|
Age (years) |
67 |
69 |
81 |
Sex |
Male |
Male |
Male |
Main comorbidities |
Liver transplant |
Diabetes mellitus |
Pulmonary Langerhans cell histiocytosis. |
Inhaled corticosteroids |
No |
No |
Yes |
HIV infection |
No |
No |
No |
Clinical findings |
Hoarseness |
Hoarseness, dysphagia, shortness of breath, productive cough, and weight loss |
Hoarseness, cough, weight loss |
Type of lesion |
Vegetative |
Granulomatous |
Granulomatous |
Serum cryptococcal antigen |
Negative |
Negative |
Negative |
Treatment |
Liposomal amphotericin-B, followed by fluconazole |
Liposomal amphotericin-B, followed by fluconazole |
Fluconazole |
Outcomes |
Clinical improvement |
Clinical stability |
Clinical improvement |
Immunology
|
|
|
|
CD1a |
Negative |
Very scarce |
Very scarce |
S100 protein |
Negative |
Negative |
Scarce |
CD68 |
Abundant |
Abundant |
Abundant |
CD56 |
Very scarce |
Very scarce |
Very scarce |
IL-17 |
Negative |
Scarce |
Scarce |
Tbet |
Negative |
Negative |
Mild |
TNF-α |
Scarce |
Mild |
Mild |
IFN-γ |
Negative |
Scarce |
Negative |
GATA3 |
Mild |
Mild |
Mild |