Table 1.
Characteristics of HD patients with and without COVID-19 pneumonia
| Characteristics | Overall (N = 182) | No pneumonia (N = 84) | Pneumonia (N = 98) | p value |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age, years | 61.55±14.24 | 54.9±14.25 | 67.36±11.46 | <0.01 |
| Gender | ||||
| Male | 119 (65.38) | 55 (65.48) | 64 (65.31) | 0.98 |
| Female | 63 (34.62) | 29 (34.52) | 34 (34.69) | |
| Smoking history | 25 (13.74) | 20 (23.81) | 5 (5.1) | <0.01 |
| Kidney disease | ||||
| Chronic nephritis | 47 (25.82) | 23 (27.38) | 24 (24.49) | 0.66 |
| Diabetes nephropathy | 64 (35.16) | 27 (32.14) | 37 (37.76) | 0.43 |
| Hypertensive nephropathy | 59 (32.42) | 37 (44.05) | 22 (22.45) | <0.01 |
| Obstructive nephropathy | 4 (2.2) | 0 (0) | 4 (4.08) | 0.06 |
| Vasculitis | 2 (1.1) | 2 (2.38) | 0 (0) | 0.12 |
| Lupus nephritis | 4 (2.2) | 2 (2.38) | 2 (2.04) | 0.88 |
| Others | 21 (11.54) | 12 (14.29) | 9 (9.18) | 0.28 |
| Comorbidity | ||||
| Hypertension | 158 (86.81) | 71 (84.52) | 87 (88.78) | 0.40 |
| Coronary heart disease | 76 (41.76) | 21 (25) | 55 (56.12) | <0.01 |
| Cerebral infarction | 36 (19.78) | 8 (9.52) | 28 (28.57) | <0.01 |
| Cerebral hemorrhage | 6 (3.3) | 2 (2.38) | 4 (4.08) | 0.52 |
| Diabetes | 81 (44.51) | 31 (36.9) | 50 (51.02) | 0.06 |
| Corticosteroids | 60 (32.97) | 4 (4.76) | 56 (57.14) | <0.01 |
| Symptom | ||||
| Asymptomatic | 8 (4.4) | 8 (9.52) | 0 (0) | <0.01 |
| Fever | 99 (54.4) | 52 (61.9) | 47 (47.96) | 0.06 |
| Low-grade fever (<38°C) | 33 (18.13) | 24 (28.57) | 9 (9.18) | <0.01 |
| Moderate-grade fever (38–39°C) | 52 (28.57) | 25 (29.76) | 27 (27.55) | |
| High-grade fever (39–41°C) | 14 (7.69) | 3 (3.57) | 11 (11.22) | |
| Sore throat | 31 (17.03) | 27 (32.14) | 4 (4.08) | <0.01 |
| Cough/sputum | 135 (74.18) | 60 (71.43) | 75 (76.53) | 0.43 |
| Nasal congestion/runny nose | 26 (14.29) | 26 (30.95) | 0 (0) | <0.01 |
| Headache | 35 (19.23) | 27 (32.14) | 8 (8.16) | <0.01 |
| Muscle/joint pain | 51 (28.02) | 41 (48.81) | 10 (10.2) | <0.01 |
| Fatigue | 101 (55.49) | 54 (64.29) | 47 (47.96) | 0.03 |
| Abdominal pain/diarrhea | 43 (23.63) | 26 (30.95) | 17 (17.35) | 0.03 |
| Decreased sense of smell and taste | 25 (13.74) | 25 (29.76) | 0 (0) | <0.01 |
| Vomit | 43 (23.63) | 22 (26.19) | 21 (21.43) | 0.45 |
| Decreased appetite | 115 (63.19) | 48 (57.14) | 67 (68.37) | 0.12 |
| Vaccine administration | ||||
| No | 144 (79.12) | 71 (84.52) | 73 (74.49) | 0.10 |
| Yes | 38 (20.88) | 13 (15.48) | 25 (25.51) | |
| Cancer | 8 (4.4) | 3 (3.57) | 5 (5.1) | 0.62 |
| With non-pulmonary infection | 14 (7.69) | 4 (4.76) | 10 (10.2) | 0.17 |
Data were reported as mean ± standard deviation (SD) or number (percentage) as appropriate.
Comparison was conducted between patients with and without pneumonia.