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. 2024 Jun 13;129(7):967–976. doi: 10.1007/s11547-024-01833-8

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© The Author(s) 2024

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Fig. 2 — An illustration of volumetric CT attenuation measurement of the liver and spleen in a 27-year-old man with hepatic steatosis. Fully-automated organ segmentation was performed for the liver and spleen on virtual non-contrast (VNC) CT scan (a: 3D volume rendering image, b: axial image) and true non-contrast (TNC) CT scan (c: 3D volume rendering image, d: axial image), respectively. Volumetric measurements of CT attenuation values were as follows: L_VNC = 48.3 HU, S_VNC = 47.0 HU in VNC imaging; L_TNC = 44.4 HU, S_TNC = 49.2 HU in TNC imaging. Accordingly, LAI_VNC was 1.3 HU and LAI_TNC was -4.8 HU. Hepatic steatosis was confirmed with an MRI-PDFF value of 14.8% (e: MRI-PDFF map). MRI-PDFF = magnetic resonance imaging-proton density fat fraction; L = volumetric mean CT attenuation values of the liver; S = volumetric mean CT attenuation values of the spleen; LAI = liver attenuation index, defined as L minus S