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. 2024 Mar 22;14(7):3068–3085. doi: 10.1016/j.apsb.2024.03.025

Figure 6.

Figure 6

Rhamnose promotes phagocytosis by activating Cdc42 and Rac1. (A, B) Representative Western blot image and quantification of GTP-cell division control protein 42 homolog (GTP-Cdc42) and GTP-Ras-related C3 botulinum toxin substrate1(GTP-Rac1) levels in BMDMs. Cells were incubated with E. coli for 5 min in the presence or absence of rhamnose (100 μmol/L) (n = 3/group). (C, D) Representative Western blot image and quantification of GTP-Cdc42 and GTP-Rac1 levels in THP-1 derived macrophages. Cells were incubated with E. coli for 5 min in the presence or absence of rhamnose (100 μmol/L) (n = 3/group). (E, F) Representative Western blot image and quantification of GTP-Cdc42 and GTP-Rac1 levels in BMDMs. BMDMs were transfected with Slc12a4, or control siRNA for 72 h and then incubated with E. coli for 5 min in the presence or absence of rhamnose (100 μmol/L) (n = 3/group). (G, H) Representative Western blot image and quantification of GTP-Cdc42 and GTP-Rac1 levels in THP-1 derived macrophages. THP-1 cells transfected with Slc12a4, or control siRNA for 48 h and then incubated with E. coli for 5 min in the presence or absence of rhamnose (100 μmol/L) (n = 3/group). Data are expressed as mean ± SEM. One-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) analysis was used for three or more groups. Two groups were determined by a two-tailed unpaired Student's t-test. ∗P < 0.05 was considered statistically significant. n: indicates number of samples. ns, denotes not significant.