Table 7. Insights into the Development of Tailor-Made Polysaccharides (PSAs) with Engineered Modes of Action for Targeted Drug Delivery along with Their Mechanism of Action and Dedicated Therapy.

Target	PSA	Other Constituents/Ligands	Indications/Tumor Cells	Cancer Type/Therapy	Ref
Aptamer	Dextran	Graphene oxide	4T1 and MCF-7 nucleolin	Mammary carcinoma	(402)
Enzyme-sensitive polysaccharide	Guar gum	Mesoporous silica nanoparticles	Colon carcinoma cells	Colon	(403)
Magnetic navigation	Dextran	Fucoidan	Anti-PD-L1 and T-cell activators	Immunotherapy	(404)
Mitochondria-targeted	Chitosan	Fluorescent carbon quantum dots	Mitochondria	Mitochondria-targeted photodynamic cancer therapy	(405)
Hyaluronic acid	Chitosan	5-Fluorouracil	Expressed CD44	Targeted cancer drug delivery	(406)
pH-responsive	Collagen-peptide-functionalized chitosan nanoparticles	Doxorubicin	HeLa cells	Cancer drug encapsulation	(407)
pH-responsive	Xylan–curcumin (xyl–cur) conjugate	none	Human colon cancer cells	Prodrug	(408)
Reactive oxygen species -responsive	Chondroitin sulfate	Protoporphyrin, Doxorubicin	MCF-7/ARD cells	Chemo-photodynamic therapy	(409)
Up-regulation of cytokine secretion and expression	Functionalized alginate	Ovalbumin/mannose	Dendritic cell	Cancer immunotherapy	(410)
Receptor-mediated endocytic uptake	Dextran sulfate	Alginate, doxorubicin, cisplatin	Resistant/sensitive breast cancer cells	Breast	(411)
Thermoresponsive	Chitosan	Maleic anhydride, sodium dodecyl sulfate, erlotinib	A549 and OVCAR-3 cells	Injectable tumor-targeting platform	(412)
Glutathione-sensitive	Carboxymethyl chitosan	Cisplatin-doxorubicin	HeLa cells	Combination tumor therapy	(413)
Glutathione-sensitive	Chondroitin sulfate	Deoxycholic acid	HGC7 cells	Gastric cancer	(414)
Selective delivery of Akt2 siRNA	glycol chitosan	Taurocholic acid	CT26 cells	Colorectal and liver Metastases	(415)