Table 4.

Comparison of groups on cognitive restraint and frequencies of meal and snacks consumption based on BMI status.

	No Overweight or Obesity (n = 32)		Overweight (n = 66)				Obesity (n = 54)
	Mean	SD	Mean		SD		Mean	SD	F		p		d
EDE Restraint Subscale	2.64	1.47	2.26		1.46		4.44	1.39	3.01		.01*		0.31
EDE Eating Concerns	2.26	1.34	3.08		1.21		2.26	1.17	0.32		.74		0.03
									0.84		.84		0.09
TFEQ Cognitive Restraint Subscale	10.65	3.81	10.48		4.11		19.9	2.44	0.47		.003**		0.41
Frequencies of Meal and Snack Consumption by BMI Group
Frequency	Breakfast		Mid-morning Snack		Lunch		Mid-afternoon Snack		Dinner		Evening Snack		Nocturnal Eating
Obesity (n = 54)
Absent	3	5.6%	7	13.0%	5	9.3%	10	18.5%	0	0.0%	1	1.9%	12	22.2%
1–5 days	2	3.7%	3	5.6%	4	7.4%	6	11.1%	0	0.0%	1	1.9%	28	51.9%
6–12 days	2	3.7%	4	7.4%	3	5.6%	6	11.1%	0	0.0%	2	3.7%	7	13.0%
13–15 days	2	3.7%	4	7.4%	3	5.6%	5	9.3%	0	0.0%	2	3.7%	2	3.7%
16–22 days	11	20.4%	9	16.7%	10	18.5%	7	13.0%	2	3.7%	4	7.4%	4	7.4%
23–27 days	16	29.6%	13	24.1%	13	24.1%	14	25.9%	1	1.9%	13	24.1%	1	1.9%
28 days	18	33.3%	14	25.9%	16	29.6%	6	11.1%	51	94.4%	31	57.4%	0	0.0%
Total N	54	100%	54	100%	54	100%	54	100%	54	100%	54	100%	54	100%
Overweight (n = 66)
Absent	21	31.8%	7	10.6%	12	18.1%	12	18.2%	0	0.0%	10	15.2%	53	80.3%
1–5 days	7	10.6%	14	21.2%	6	9.1%	14	21.2%	0	0.0%	7	10.6%	5	7.6%
6–12 days	8	12.1%	9	13.6%	5	7.6%	8	12.1%	0	0.0%	5	7.6%	8	12.1%
13–15 days	6	9.1%	9	13.6%	4	6.1%	7	10.6%	0	0.0%	2	3.0%	0	0.0%
16–22 days	6	9.1%	10	15.2%	9	13.6%	8	12.1%	5	7.6%	5	7.6%	0	0.0%
23–27 days	8	12.1%	9	13.6%	16	24.2%	8	12.1%	3	4.5%	12	18.2%	0	0.0%
28 days	10	15.2%	8	12.1%	14	21.2%	9	13.6%	58	87.9%	25	37.9%	0	0.0%
Total N	66	100%	66	100%	66	100%	66	100%	66	100%	66	100%	66	100%
No Overweight or Obesity (n = 32)
Absent	10	31.3%	20	62.5%	9	28.1%	5	15.6%	0	0.0%	9	28.1%	31	96.9%
1–5 days	4	12.5%	2	6.3%	5	15.6%	5	15.6%	0	0.0%	2	6.3%	0	0.0%
6–12 days	5	15.6%	3	9.4%	0	0.0%	6	18.8%	0	0.0%	2	6.3%	1	3.1%
13–15 days	3	9.4%	1	3.1%	0	0.0%	6	18.8%	0	0.0%	2	6.3%	0	0.0%
16–22 days	3	9.4%	0	0.0%	1	3.1%	1	3.1%	4	12.5%	8	25.0%	0	0.0%
23–27 days	3	9.4%	0	0.0%	5	15.6%	2	6.3%	5	15.6%	5	15.6%	0	0.0%
28 days	4	12.5%	6	18.8%	12	37.5%	7	21.9%	23	71.9%	4	12.5%	0	0.0%
Total N	32	100%	32	100%	32	100%	32	100%	32	100%	32	100%	32	100%

Note: d = Cohen′s d; EDE = Eating Disorders Examination version 17.0; TFEQ = Three Factor Eating Questionnaire 18 item Revised; * p < .05; ** p < .01; *** p < .001