Fig. 4.

Microencapsulation of human islets in composite capsules together with PSC co-culture enhanced islet viability and survival. (A) Schematic representation of alginate-based microcapsules with a regular alginate-calcium design and a composite design containing collagen type IV/RGD, Necrostatin-1 and amino acids (alanine, glutamine, glycine). (B) Mitochondrial activity in presence and absence of IFN-γ, TNF-α and IL-1β and (C) insulin secretion function in the presence and absence of IFN-γ, TNF-α and IL-1β of human islets when microencapsulated in capsules with alginate or composite designs, either co-cultured with PSCs or not. Cytokine cocktails caused the stimulation. Results represent mean ± SEM (n = 4). The statistical differences were quantified using one-way ANOVA analysis with Tukey's post hoc test (*p < 0.05, **p < 0.01, ***p < 0.001).