Table 2.
Estimated Expectancies in Various Pain States at Aged 70, 80, and 90, by sex, 1993–2016, and trend based on OLS
| Sex | Age | Estimate | 1993 | 1998 | 2000 | 2002 | 2004 | 2006 | 2008 | 2010 | 2012 | 2014 | 2016 | β |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Men | 70 | PFLE | 11.47 | 9.21 | 9.71 | 10.94 | 9.82 | 11.69 | 9.31 | 11.40 | 9.41 | 8.78 | 9.60 | −0.053 |
| NLPLE | 1.24 | 0.94 | 1.32 | 1.65 | 1.58 | 1.69 | 2.12 | 1.96 | 2.43 | 2.31 | 2.76 | 0.072** | ||
| LPLE | 1.42 | 1.96 | 1.95 | 2.27 | 2.92 | 2.38 | 2.69 | 2.92 | 2.98 | 2.77 | 3.51 | 0.077** | ||
| TLE | 14.13 | 12.11 | 12.98 | 14.86 | 14.32 | 15.75 | 14.12 | 16.28 | 14.81 | 13.86 | 15.87 | 0.096‡ | ||
| 80 | PFLE | 6.08 | 5.86 | 5.58 | 6.38 | 5.75 | 7.22 | 5.19 | 6.86 | 5.86 | 5.24 | 5.72 | −0.013 | |
| NLPLE | 0.88 | 0.79 | 0.87 | 0.96 | 1.07 | 0.89 | 1.14 | 1.18 | 1.17 | 1.32 | 1.45 | 0.026** | ||
| LPLE | 1.09 | 1.33 | 1.43 | 1.60 | 1.95 | 1.30 | 1.70 | 1.86 | 1.66 | 1.46 | 1.79 | 0.023* | ||
| TLE | 8.05 | 7.98 | 7.87 | 8.95 | 8.76 | 9.41 | 8.03 | 9.90 | 8.69 | 8.02 | 8.96 | 0.036 | ||
| 90 | PFLE | 2.90 | 3.60 | 3.12 | 3.40 | 3.13 | 3.90 | 2.70 | 3.69 | 3.24 | 2.84 | 2.99 | −0.006 | |
| NLPLE | 0.56 | 0.61 | 0.52 | 0.53 | 0.65 | 0.43 | 0.52 | 0.65 | 0.52 | 0.66 | 0.65 | 0.003 | ||
| LPLE | 0.76 | 0.86 | 0.91 | 1.07 | 1.24 | 0.70 | 0.94 | 1.09 | 0.83 | 0.71 | 0.76 | −0.004 | ||
| TLE | 4.22 | 5.07 | 4.54 | 5.00 | 5.02 | 5.03 | 4.16 | 5.43 | 4.59 | 4.21 | 4.40 | −0.007 | ||
| Women | 70 | PFLE | 12.13 | 10.81 | 11.10 | 10.94 | 10.31 | 11.12 | 9.01 | 12.65 | 9.49 | 8.67 | 10.36 | −0.088‡ |
| NLPLE | 1.39 | 2.17 | 1.88 | 1.84 | 2.10 | 2.10 | 2.19 | 2.48 | 2.89 | 2.52 | 2.83 | 0.056** | ||
| LPLE | 3.12 | 3.74 | 3.85 | 4.31 | 4.82 | 4.45 | 4.90 | 4.51 | 6.18 | 5.46 | 5.23 | 0.107** | ||
| TLE | 16.64 | 16.73 | 16.82 | 17.10 | 17.23 | 17.66 | 16.10 | 19.64 | 18.57 | 16.65 | 18.42 | 0.075 | ||
| 80 | PFLE | 7.21 | 6.53 | 6.68 | 7.24 | 6.29 | 6.77 | 5.69 | 7.98 | 6.58 | 5.58 | 6.70 | −0.026 | |
| NLPLE | 0.95 | 1.24 | 1.25 | 1.15 | 1.09 | 1.22 | 1.35 | 1.51 | 1.56 | 1.38 | 1.53 | 0.023** | ||
| LPLE | 2.41 | 2.53 | 2.36 | 2.59 | 3.01 | 2.79 | 2.67 | 2.93 | 3.69 | 3.12 | 2.96 | 0.040** | ||
| TLE | 10.57 | 10.31 | 10.29 | 10.98 | 10.38 | 10.78 | 9.70 | 12.43 | 11.83 | 10.09 | 11.19 | 0.037 | ||
| 90 | PFLE | 3.90 | 3.50 | 3.59 | 4.37 | 3.43 | 3.45 | 3.16 | 4.45 | 4.15 | 3.06 | 3.76 | −0.005 | |
| NLPLE | 0.62 | 0.63 | 0.77 | 0.67 | 0.50 | 0.63 | 0.70 | 0.83 | 0.71 | 0.65 | 0.71 | 0.004 | ||
| LPLE | 1.73 | 1.65 | 1.33 | 1.46 | 1.65 | 1.61 | 1.34 | 1.73 | 2.01 | 1.66 | 1.47 | 0.003 | ||
| TLE | 6.26 | 5.78 | 5.69 | 6.49 | 5.58 | 5.69 | 5.20 | 7.01 | 6.88 | 5.37 | 5.93 | 0.002 |
Notes: LPLE = limiting-pain life expectancy; NLPLE = nonlimiting pain life expectancy; PFLE = pain-free life expectancy; LE = total life expected; OLS = ordinary least squares regression.
2016 estimate is significantly higher than estimates if only bolded at p < .05.
2016 estimate is significantly lower than estimates bolded and italicized at p < .05.
** p < .01; *.01 < p < .05; ‡.05 < p < .10.