Table 3.
Estimated Proportion of Life Expected in Various Pain States at aged 70, 80, and 90, by sex, 1993–2016, and Trend Based on Fractional Logit Regression
| Sex | Age | Estimate | 1993 | 1998 | 2000 | 2002 | 2004 | 2006 | 2008 | 2010 | 2012 | 2014 | 2016 | β |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Men | 70 | PFLE | 0.812 | 0.760 | 0.748 | 0.736 | 0.686 | 0.742 | 0.660 | 0.700 | 0.635 | 0.634 | 0.605 | −0.041** |
| NLPLE | 0.088 | 0.077 | 0.102 | 0.111 | 0.111 | 0.107 | 0.150 | 0.120 | 0.164 | 0.166 | 0.174 | 0.041** | ||
| LPLE | 0.101 | 0.162 | 0.150 | 0.153 | 0.204 | 0.151 | 0.190 | 0.179 | 0.201 | 0.200 | 0.221 | 0.030** | ||
| 80 | PFLE | 0.755 | 0.734 | 0.709 | 0.713 | 0.656 | 0.767 | 0.647 | 0.693 | 0.674 | 0.653 | 0.639 | −0.022** | |
| NLPLE | 0.110 | 0.099 | 0.110 | 0.107 | 0.122 | 0.095 | 0.142 | 0.119 | 0.134 | 0.165 | 0.162 | 0.024** | ||
| LPLE | 0.135 | 0.167 | 0.181 | 0.179 | 0.222 | 0.139 | 0.212 | 0.188 | 0.192 | 0.182 | 0.200 | 0.013** | ||
| 90 | PFLE | 0.687 | 0.710 | 0.686 | 0.680 | 0.624 | 0.775 | 0.648 | 0.680 | 0.706 | 0.675 | 0.679 | −0.002 | |
| NLPLE | 0.132 | 0.121 | 0.114 | 0.105 | 0.129 | 0.086 | 0.125 | 0.120 | 0.114 | 0.156 | 0.149 | 0.009 | ||
| LPLE | 0.181 | 0.169 | 0.200 | 0.215 | 0.247 | 0.139 | 0.227 | 0.201 | 0.180 | 0.169 | 0.172 | 0.002 | ||
| Women | 70 | PFLE | 0.729 | 0.646 | 0.660 | 0.640 | 0.598 | 0.630 | 0.560 | 0.644 | 0.511 | 0.521 | 0.562 | −0.033** |
| NLPLE | 0.084 | 0.130 | 0.112 | 0.108 | 0.122 | 0.119 | 0.136 | 0.126 | 0.156 | 0.151 | 0.154 | 0.025** | ||
| LPLE | 0.187 | 0.224 | 0.229 | 0.252 | 0.280 | 0.252 | 0.304 | 0.230 | 0.333 | 0.328 | 0.284 | 0.027** | ||
| 80 | PFLE | 0.682 | 0.633 | 0.649 | 0.659 | 0.605 | 0.628 | 0.586 | 0.642 | 0.556 | 0.553 | 0.599 | −0.020** | |
| NLPLE | 0.090 | 0.121 | 0.122 | 0.105 | 0.105 | 0.113 | 0.139 | 0.122 | 0.132 | 0.137 | 0.137 | 0.017** | ||
| LPLE | 0.228 | 0.246 | 0.229 | 0.236 | 0.290 | 0.259 | 0.275 | 0.236 | 0.312 | 0.309 | 0.264 | 0.015** | ||
| 90 | PFLE | 0.624 | 0.605 | 0.630 | 0.673 | 0.615 | 0.606 | 0.607 | 0.634 | 0.603 | 0.569 | 0.633 | −0.005 | |
| NLPLE | 0.099 | 0.109 | 0.136 | 0.103 | 0.090 | 0.111 | 0.135 | 0.118 | 0.104 | 0.122 | 0.120 | 0.006 | ||
| LPLE | 0.277 | 0.286 | 0.234 | 0.225 | 0.295 | 0.283 | 0.258 | 0.247 | 0.293 | 0.309 | 0.247 | 0.002 |
Notes: LPLE = limiting-pain life expectancy; NLPLE = nonlimiting pain life expectancy; PFLE = pain-free life expectancy.
2016 estimate is significantly higher than estimates if only bolded at p < .05.
2016 estimate is significantly lower than estimates bolded and italicized at p < .05.
** p < .01; *.01 < p < .05; ‡.05 < p < .10.