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. 2024 Jul 17;17:24. doi: 10.1186/s13040-024-00375-z

Fig. 5.

Fig. 5

Comparison between average plasma nicotine levels derived from historic nicotine PK data a Average Heart Rate, b Average Heart Rate Variability, and c Average Physiological Stress between nicotine and control (0 mg/mL nicotine) vapour product use. A 5-min baseline was employed before the beginning of the session. The ‘during-puffing’ stage is indicated within the blue box