Table 2.
Differences in biomarkers between Class1 and Class10 and between UCB <10 μmol/L and UCB ≥10 μmol/L
| Parameters | Total |
Class 1 |
Class 10 |
p value | UCB <10 μmol/L |
UCB ≥10 μmol/L |
p value | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| n | Mean (SD) | n | Mean (SD) | n | Mean (SD) | n | Mean (SD) | n | Mean (SD) | |||
| UCB (μmol/L) | 2489 | 6.393 (3.61) | 248 | 2.475 (0.43) | 248 | 14.62 (4.02) | <0.001 | 2181 | 5.348 (1.94) | 308 | 13.79 (3.98) | <0.001 |
| Age (years) | 2489 | 58.49 (10.6) | 248 | 58.17 (10.5) | 248 | 58.15 (11.6) | 0.703 | 2181 | 58.55 (10.5) | 308 | 58.05 (11.3) | 0.774 |
| BMI (kg/m2) | 2489 | 26.31 (4.43) | 248 | 27.12 (5.16) | 248 | 25.67 (4.20) | 0.004 | 2181 | 26.40 (4.46) | 308 | 25.69 (4.15) | 0.013 |
| Weight (kg) | 2489 | 75.15 (14.8) | 248 | 75.18 (16.3) | 248 | 76.10 (15.2) | 0.322 | 2181 | 75.05 (14.8) | 308 | 75.89 (15.0) | 0.249 |
| Height (cm) | 2489 | 168.8 (9.41) | 248 | 166.3 (8.65) | 248 | 171.8 (9.68) | <0.001 | 2181 | 168.4 (9.31) | 308 | 171.5 (9.71) | <0.001 |
| WC (cm) | 2489 | 92.62 (12.5) | 248 | 94.08 (13.6) | 248 | 92.63 (12.2) | 0.349 | 2181 | 92.64 (12.6) | 308 | 92.51 (12.1) | 0.885 |
| WHR | 2489 | 0.907 (0.08) | 248 | 0.909 (0.07) | 248 | 0.918 (0.08) | 0.17 | 2181 | 0.905 (0.08) | 308 | 0.916 (0.08) | 0.013 |
| Heart rate (bpm) | 2489 | 70.18 (11.1) | 248 | 73.05 (10.9) | 248 | 68.54 (11.3) | <0.001 | 2181 | 70.33 (11.1) | 308 | 69.07 (11.3) | 0.044 |
| BP diastolic (mmHg) | 2489 | 81.00 (11.0) | 248 | 81.65 (10.8) | 248 | 81.26 (10.4) | 0.712 | 2181 | 80.96 (11.0) | 308 | 81.30 (10.7) | 0.597 |
| BP systolic (mmHg) | 2489 | 136.0 (20.1) | 248 | 136.7 (21.0) | 248 | 136.5 (20.4) | 0.879 | 2181 | 136.0 (20.1) | 308 | 135.9 (19.5) | 0.849 |
| Left hand power (kg) | 2478 | 32.79 (10.8) | 244 | 31.37 (10.8) | 247 | 36.03 (10.7) | <0.001 | 2171 | 32.39 (10.8) | 307 | 35.63 (10.9) | <0.001 |
| Right hand power (kg) | 2485 | 34.30 (11.1) | 248 | 32.60 (10.9) | 248 | 37.44 (10.8) | <0.001 | 2177 | 33.90 (11.1) | 308 | 37.12 (11.0) | <0.001 |
| HbA1c (%) | 2470 | 6.043 (0.59) | 243 | 6.139 (0.73) | 245 | 5.918 (0.48) | <0.001 | 2165 | 6.060 (0.60) | 305 | 5.927 (0.50) | <0.001 |
| Insulin (μU/mL) | 2487 | 6.128 (4.77) | 247 | 7.441 (6.03) | 248 | 5.033 (2.84) | <0.001 | 2179 | 6.274 (4.95) | 308 | 5.099 (3.01) | <0.001 |
| Triglycerides (mmol/L) | 2326 | 1.271 (0.87) | 233 | 1.481 (1.41) | 228 | 1.110 (0.56) | 0.005 | 2043 | 1.293 (0.90) | 283 | 1.109 (0.54) | 0.002 |
| Cholesterol (mmol/L) | 2327 | 5.609 (1.03) | 233 | 5.601 (0.96) | 228 | 5.376 (1.05) | 0.016 | 2044 | 5.630 (1.02) | 283 | 5.463 (1.09) | 0.01 |
| HDL cholesterol (mmol/L) | 2360 | 1.537 (0.44) | 237 | 1.441 (0.45) | 231 | 1.528 (0.44) | 0.012 | 2073 | 1.534 (0.44) | 287 | 1.552 (0.44) | 0.378 |
| LDL cholesterol (mmol/L) | 2361 | 3.331 (0.87) | 237 | 3.393 (0.84) | 231 | 3.159 (0.89) | 0.001 | 2074 | 3.348 (0.86) | 287 | 3.211 (0.93) | 0.003 |
| Adiponectin (ng/mL) | 2487 | 14.35 (7.65) | 248 | 14.54 (8.71) | 247 | 14.61 (8.00) | 0.519 | 2180 | 14.30 (7.62) | 307 | 14.72 (7.85) | 0.269 |
| FRS (points) | 2246 | 12.98 (4.17) | 220 | 13.91 (3.63) | 211 | 11.71 (4.55) | <0.001 | 1979 | 13.13 (4.10) | 267 | 11.80 (4.49) | <0.001 |
| ALT (U/l) | 2487 | 24.18 (10.3) | 247 | 23.69 (10.4) | 248 | 23.62 (9.12) | 0.721 | 2179 | 24.20 (10.4) | 308 | 24.06 (9.21) | 0.498 |
| γ-GT (U/l) | 2346 | 22.36 (28.0) | 236 | 24.41 (33.4) | 228 | 21.68 (27.0) | 0.774 | 2062 | 22.58 (28.4) | 284 | 20.79 (25.0) | 0.754 |
| Ascorbic acid (mg/L) | 2489 | 5.177 (3.65) | 248 | 5.610 (5.10) | 248 | 4.685 (2.91) | 0.098 | 2181 | 5.238 (3.73) | 308 | 4.742 (3.02) | 0.045 |
| Uric acid (mg/L) | 2489 | 45.45 (12.0) | 248 | 43.67 (12.1) | 248 | 46.75 (12.6) | 0.005 | 2181 | 45.30 (11.9) | 308 | 46.50 (12.4) | 0.057 |
| Glutathione (μmol/L) | 2488 | 1107 (196) | 248 | 1091 (192) | 248 | 1134 (202) | 0.04 | 2180 | 1103 (195) | 308 | 1132 (201) | 0.029 |
| Cysteine (μmol/L) | 2488 | 143.9 (33.4) | 248 | 143.5 (38.5) | 248 | 138.3 (30.9) | 0.258 | 2180 | 144.6 (33.7) | 308 | 138.8 (30.6) | 0.007 |
| MDA (μmol/L) | 2489 | 0.322 (0.23) | 248 | 0.312 (0.22) | 248 | 0.322 (0.20) | 0.16 | 2181 | 0.321 (0.23) | 308 | 0.324 (0.19) | 0.245 |
| Protein carbonyls (nmol/mg) | 2489 | 0.582 (0.10) | 248 | 0.590 (0.17) | 248 | 0.588 (0.08) | 0.191 | 2181 | 0.581 (0.10) | 308 | 0.590 (0.08) | 0.05 |
| 3-Nitrotyrosine (pmol/mg) | 2470 | 4.491 (2.80) | 242 | 4.577 (3.03) | 246 | 4.381 (2.39) | 0.867 | 2164 | 4.501 (2.84) | 306 | 4.415 (2.45) | 0.704 |
| Urinary 8-isoprostane (ng/mL) | 2480 | 2.316 (2.32) | 246 | 2.894 (3.54) | 247 | 2.055 (1.32) | <0.001 | 2173 | 2.354 (2.43) | 307 | 2.044 (1.31) | 0.001 |
| Plasma creatinine (μmol/L) | 2487 | 74.04 (15.9) | 247 | 70.44 (18.8) | 248 | 78.46 (15.4) | <0.001 | 2179 | 73.48 (15.9) | 308 | 78.01 (15.3) | <0.001 |
| Urinary creatinine (pmol/L) | 2480 | 10.35 (5.83) | 246 | 9.645 (5.56) | 247 | 11.26 (6.07) | 0.002 | 2173 | 10.21 (5.81) | 307 | 11.37 (5.86) | <0.001 |
| CRP (mg/L) | 2487 | 2.199 (3.27) | 247 | 2.664 (3.23) | 248 | 2.082 (4.04) | <0.001 | 2179 | 2.220 (3.12) | 308 | 2.050 (4.18) | <0.001 |
| Arg-Pyr (%) | 2441 | 0.313 (0.78) | 242 | 0.260 (0.35) | 242 | 0.404 (1.29) | 0.063 | 2140 | 0.305 (0.71) | 301 | 0.372 (1.16) | 0.092 |
| CML (%) | 2441 | 0.275 (0.80) | 242 | 0.191 (0.43) | 242 | 0.253 (0.87) | 0.247 | 2140 | 0.273 (0.78) | 301 | 0.288 (0.93) | 0.373 |
Data are presented as mean ± standard deviation; p values are calculated using Mann-Whitney U test for measuring differences between the subgroups; significant differences are highlighted with bold numbers. Significant p-values are shown in bold and italics.
UCB, unconjugated bilirubin; RASIG, randomly recruited age-stratified individuals from the general population; GO, GEHA offspring; SGO, spouses of GO; FRS, Framingham Risk Score; ALT: alanine aminotransferase; γ-GT, gamma-glutamyl transferase; MDA, malondialdehyde; CRP, C-reactive protein; Arg-Pyr, arg-pyrimidine; CML, carboxymethyllysine.