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. 2024 Jun 14;15(7):e01156-24. doi: 10.1128/mbio.01156-24

Fig 1.

A branching tree features how MAPK proteins in 19 model fungi are related. Colored 3D structures depict predicted shapes of Cpk1, Cpk2, Mpk1, and Mpk2 proteins in Cryptococcus neoformans, highlighting their key functional regions using AlphaFold2.

Phylogenetic and structural analyses of Cpk1/Cpk2 and Mpk1/Mpk2 MAPK orthologs in fungi. (A) A phylogenetic tree illustrating MAPKs from 19 distinct fungal species is presented. The species abbreviations are as follows: Cn for C. neoformans; Sc for S. cerevisiae; Sp for Schizosaccharomyces pombe; Ca for Candida albicans; Cg for Candida glabrata; Fg for Fusarium graminearum; Mg for Magnaporthe grisea; Nc for Neurospora crassa; Af for Aspergillus fumigatus; An for Aspergillus niger; Bc for Botrytis cinerea; Um for Ustilago maydis; Yl for Yarrowia lipolytica; Rd for Rhizopus delemar; Hc for Histoplasma capsulatum; Mgl for Malassezia globosa; Mc for Mucor circinelloides; Tr for Trichoderma reesei; and Ci for Coccidioides immitis. (B and C) Illustrations depict the protein structures of the cryptococcal MAPKs: Cpk1, Cpk2, Mpk1, and Mpk2. Kinase domains for Cpk1 (in purple), Cpk2 (in yellow), Mpk1 (in blue), and Mpk2 (in red) were predicted by the InterPro domain analysis (https://www.ebi.ac.uk/interpro) and shown alongside their respective paralogs. Their kinase domain structures were predicted using AlphaFold2’s MMseqs2-based protein structure prediction method. Structural comparisons between Cpk1/Cpk2 and Mpk1/Mpk2 were visualized using the Mol*3D Viewer at the RCSB Protein Data Bank.