Table 2. Sexual risk behaviours of HIV negative adults aged 15–54 in Manicaland, prior to and during the Covid-19 pandemic.
| Cross-sectional analysis | Cohort analysis | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Pre-Covid | During Covid | Pre-Covid | During Covid | |||||
| % (95%CI)* | % (95%CI) | AOR† (95%CI) | p | % (95%CI) | % (95%CI) | AOR† (95%CI) | p | |
| A) Males | N = 3181 | N = 2773 | N = 1171 | N = 1171 | ||||
| 15-19yrs | N = 986 | N = 716 | N = 302 | N = 302 | ||||
| Had sexual debut (15-19yrs)† | 10.8 (9.0–12.8) | 13.0 (10.7–15.7) | 1.25 (0.93–1.68) | 0.38 | 8.61 (5.92–12.36) | 32.5 (27.4–38.0) | 5.15 (3.22–8.24) | <0.001 |
| 15-54yrs started sex | N = 2050 | N = 1963 | N = 864 | N = 864 | ||||
| Multiple partners in past 1 month | 5.93 (4.97–7.06) | 4.74 (3.88–5.77) | 0.77 (0.58–1.02) | 0.07 | 5.79 (4.41–7.56) | 5.21 (3.91–6.91) | 0.85 (0.56–1.30) | 0.46 |
| Multiple partners in past 12 months | 17.8 (16.2–19.5) | 17.9 (16.2–19.6) | 1.01 (0.86–1.19) | 0.91 | 15.7 (13.5–18.3) | 14.6 (12.4–17.1) | 0.99 (0.76–1.30) | 0.95 |
| Concurrent partners | 6.62 (5.61–7.81) | 6.67 (5.65–7.87) | 1.02 (0.79–1.31) | 0.90 | 6.71 (5.22–8.59) | 6.37 (4.92–8.20) | 0.92 (0.62–1.36) | 0.68 |
| 1 or more non-regular partner in the past year | 19.3 (17.6–21.0) | 20.2 (18.5–22.0) | 1.11 (0.95–1.31) | 0.20 | 14.8 (12.6–17.3) | 13.4 (11.3–15.9) | 1.11 (0.83–1.48) | 0.48 |
| Transactional sex in the past 1 month | 7.39 (6.31–8.64) | 6.78 (5.74–7.98) | 0.95 (0.74–1.21) | 0.66 | 5.67 (4.31–7.43) | 6.94 (5.43–8.85) | 1.31 (0.89–1.95) | 0.17 |
| STI symptoms in past 12 months | 3.12 (2.44–3.97) | 1.43 (0.99–2.06) | 0.41 (0.26–0.65) | <0.001 | 2.20 (1.41–3.42) | 1.04 (0.54–1.99) | 0.51 (0.23–1.14) | 0.10 |
| Risk Category‡ | N = 3181 | N = 2773 | N = 1171 | N = 1171 | ||||
| Not sexually active | 30.4 (28.9–32.0) | 29.2 (27.5–30.9) | 0.96 (0.80–1.15) | 0.63 | 28.8 (26.3–31.4) | 20.7 (18.4–23.1) | 0.70 (0.51–0.98) | 0.04 |
| Low risk | 50.7 (48.9–52.5) | 51.0 (49.1–52.9) | 0.94 (0.83–1.08) | 0.39 | 55.0 (52.1–57.8) | 58.8 (55.9–61.5) | 0.92 (0.74–1.13) | 0.42 |
| Medium risk | 5.49 (4.70–6.41) | 5.52 (4.73–6.43) | 1.01 (0.80–1.28) | 0.95 | 5.38 (4.22–6.83) | 6.23 (4.98–7.77) | 1.10 (0.77–1.57) | 0.60 |
| High risk | 13.4 (12.3–14.7) | 14.3 (13.0–15.6) | 1.12 (0.96–1.31) | 0.15 | 10.8 (9.19–12.8) | 14.3 (12.5–16.5) | 1.33 (1.03–1.71) | 0.03 |
| B) Females | N = 4135 | N = 3541 | N = 1997 | N = 1997 | ||||
| 15-19yrs | N = 1112 | N = 734 | N = 314 | N = 314 | ||||
| Had sexual debut (15-19yrs)† | 29.7 (27.1–32.4) | 20.3 (17.5–23.4) | 0.61 (0.49–0.77) | <0.001 | 23.9 (19.5–28.9) | 33.8 (28.7–39.2) | 1.64 (1.15–2.33) | 0.01 |
| 15-54yrs started sex | N = 3172 | N = 2808 | N = 1806 | N = 1806 | ||||
| Multiple partners in past 1 month | 1.06 (0.76–1.49) | 0.89 (0.60–1.31) | 0.82 (0.48–1.38) | 0.46 | 0.94 (0.59–1.51) | 0.89 (0.54–1.44) | 0.93 (0.46–1.89) | 0.84 |
| Multiple partners in past 12 months | 6.07 (5.29–6.95) | 3.35 (2.74–4.08) | 0.55 (0.43–0.72) | <0.001 | 4.87 (3.97–5.97) | 2.44 (1.82–3.26) | 0.51 (0.35–0.74) | <0.001 |
| Concurrent partners | 1.03 (0.73–1.45) | 0.85 (0.57–1.27) | 0.79 (0.46–1.36) | 0.39 | 0.83 (0.50–1.37) | 0.89 (0.54–1.44) | 0.98 (0.48–2.03) | 0.96 |
| 1 or more non-regular partner in the past year | 8.30 (7.40–9.30) | 7.34 (6.43–8.36) | 0.99 (0.82–1.21) | 0.96 | 6.31 (5.28–7.53) | 3.88 (3.08–4.87) | 0.67 (0.49–0.91) | 0.01 |
| Transactional Sex | 6.90 (6.06–7.84) | 5.48 (4.70–6.39) | 0.81 (0.65–1.01) | 0.06 | 6.81 (5.74–8.07) | 4.60 (3.72–5.66) | 0.69 (0.52–0.92) | 0.01 |
| Age disparate relationship 5 years or more | 60.7 (58.9–62.5) | 62.1 (60.3–63.9) | 1.11 (0.99–1.24) | 0.06 | 59.6 (57.3–61.9) | 60.3 (57.9–62.5) | 1.08 (0.94–1.24) | 0.30 |
| Age disparate relationship 10 years or more | 22.1 (20.6–23.6) | 21.6 (20.1–23.2) | 0.97 (0.86–1.11) | 0.69 | 21.6 (19.8–23.6) | 20.6 (18.8–22.5) | 0.93 (0.79–1.09) | 0.37 |
| STI symptoms in past 12 months | 7.54 (6.66–8.53) | 7.62 (6.70–8.66) | 1.04 (0.85–1.26) | 0.70 | 7.31 (6.19–8.60) | 6.87 (5.79–8.13) | 0.98 (0.76–1.27) | 0.89 |
| Risk Category‡ | N = 4135 | N = 3541 | N = 1997 | N = 1997 | ||||
| Not sexually active | 18.8 (17.8–20.0) | 20.7 (19.4–22.1) | 1.52 (1.29–1.79) | <0.001 | 14.1 (12.7–15.7) | 12.1 (10.8–13.6) | 1.72 (1.27–2.34) | 0.001 |
| Low risk | 70.1 (68.7–71.5) | 70.2 (68.7–71.7) | 0.88 (0.78–1.00) | 0.04 | 76.1 (74.1–77.9) | 80.9 (79.1–82.5) | 1.04 (0.86–1.26) | 0.70 |
| Medium risk | 4.32 (3.72–5.01) | 3.28 (2.74–3.92) | 0.76 (0.59–0.97) | 0.02 | 4.61 (3.77–5.62) | 3.00 (2.34–3.85) | 0.63 (0.45–0.87) | 0.01 |
| High risk | 6.73 (6.00–7.55) | 5.82 (5.09–6.64) | 0.90 (0.75–1.09) | 0.28 | 5.21 (4.31–6.27) | 4.01 (3.23–4.96) | 0.79 (0.58–1.07) | 0.12 |
* In the cross-sectional analysis of the pre-covid survey, proportions are weighted to account for changes to selection between the surveys
† Odds ratios are adjusted for 5 year age group and site type. For variables limited to 15–19 year olds odds ratios are adjusted for site type only.
‡ Low risk = no risk behaviors, Medium risk = concurrent partners, more than one partner in the past 12 months, transactional sex, High risk = non-regular partners