Figure 7. Aspirin intake before surgery inhibits the expression of progression markers in PDA patient tissue.

Tumor tissue sections derived from patients with documented pre-operative administration of aspirin (n = 7), gemcitabine (n = 5), aspirin plus gemcitabine (n = 3), or neither aspirin nor gemcitabine (n = 6) were evaluated by immunohistochemistry for the expression of the proliferation marker Ki67, the inflammatory factor TNF-α, and the CSC markers c-Met, CD44 and CXCR4. The scale bar indicates 50 μm. The number of positive cells was quantified in 10 visual fields at 400× magnification, and the means ± SD are shown in the diagrams. The data are presented as means ± SD (^** P < 0.01, ^* P < 0.05).