Table 4. Levels of empathy and resilience at different time points according to different demographic characteristics.

GIC: Generic Instructor Course; TEQ: the Toronto Empathy Questionnaire; CD-RISC: the Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale

Values are referred to as mean and standard deviation (SD). P-value was calculated using analysis of variance (ANOVA) for repeated measures (mixed model).

Scale	Baseline	After the GIC	One-month follow-up	Three-month follow-up	p-value
TEQ total score
Gender					0.50
Male	47.74 ± 4.48	49.52 ± 6.02	48.13 ± 5.75	46.77 ± 6.31
Female	52.37 ± 4.57	53.31 ± 6.17	52.22 ± 5.13	52.19 ± 6.07
Age					0.46
24-30 years	50.44 ± 4.76	51.81 ± 4.65	50.12 ± 5.24	50.26 ± 6.58
31+ years	51.36 ± 5.48	52.33 ± 8.60	52.00 ± 6.25	50.42 ± 6.84
Educational level					0.39
Bachelor	50.15 ± 4.00	51.98 ± 5.04	50.08 ± 5.43	49.85 ± 6.23
Post-graduate studies	51.41 ± 6.16	51.59 ± 7.70	51.38 ± 5.99	50.38 ± 7.12
CD-RISC total score
Gender					0.64
Male	68.16 ± 10.55	68.61 ± 10.18	69.35 ± 11.33	68.71 ± 12.65
Female	66.47 ± 8.59	69.25 ± 8.49	69.14 ± 11.41	68.88 ± 12.33
Age					0.67
24-30 years	66.46 ± 8.89	68.14 ± 8.71	67.88 ± 11.13	67.53 ± 11.41
31+ years	68.09 ± 10.00	70.58 ± 9.57	71.52 ± 11.45	1.06 ± 13.79
Educational level					0.64
Bachelor	66.08 ± 9.74	67.96 ± 9.63	67.79 ± 11.63	66.65 ± 11.32
Post-graduate studies	67.87 ± 8.85	70.21 ± 8.46	70.56 ± 11.00	70.72 ± 13.14