Table 4.
Age and sex adjusted odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) of listed factors for risk behaviours (smoking, drinking and premarital sex) among community youths
| Factors | Risk behaviours | p-value | OR | 95% CI | |||
| Present | Absent | ||||||
| Number (%) | Number (%) | ||||||
| Smoking tobacco | |||||||
| Parents’ smoking | No | 41 (34.7) | 168 (60.9) | 1 | (Reference) | ||
| Yes | 77 (65.3) | 108 (39.1) | <0.001 | 4.1 | 2.3–7.1 | ||
| Close friends who smoke | No | 8 (7.1) | 158 (56.8) | 1 | (Reference) | ||
| Yes | 105 (92.9) | 120 (43.2) | <0.001 | 11.7 | 5.2–26.5 | ||
| Peer pressure to smoke | No | 58 (53.7) | 249 (89.2) | 1 | (Reference) | ||
| Yes | 50 (46.3) | 30 (10.8) | <0.001 | 4.1 | 2.2–7.5 | ||
| Have experienced drinking alcohol | No | 31 (26.3) | 246 (84.8) | 1 | (Reference) | ||
| Yes | 87 (73.7) | 44 (15.2) | <0.001 | 9.0 | 5.0–16.2 | ||
| Pocket money/daya | Low | 55 (46.6) | 174 (59.6) | 1 | (Reference) | ||
| High | 63 (53.4) | 118 (40.4) | 0.582 | 0.8 | 0.5–1.3 | ||
| Drinking alcohol | |||||||
| Parents’ drinking | No | 78 (61.9) | 188 (72.3) | 1 | (Reference) | ||
| Yes | 48 (38.1) | 72 (27.7) | 0.014 | 1.9 | 1.1–3.2 | ||
| Close friends who drink | No | 14 (10.9) | 166 (64.3) | 1 | (Reference) | ||
| Yes | 114 (89.1) | 92 (35.7) | <0.001 | 10.4 | 5.5–19.6 | ||
| Peer pressure to drink | No | 59 (48.8) | 221 (87.4) | 1 | (Reference) | ||
| Yes | 62 (51.2) | 32 (12.6) | <0.001 | 5.2 | 2.9–8.9 | ||
| Have experienced smoking tobacco | No | 44 (33.6) | 246 (88.8) | 1 | (Reference) | ||
| Yes | 87 (66.4) | 31 (11.2) | <0.001 | 9.2 | 5.1–16.4 | ||
| Pocket money/daya | Low | 63 (48.1) | 165 (59.6) | 1 | (Reference) | ||
| High | 68 (51.9) | 112 (40.4) | 0.385 | 0.8 | 0.5–1.3 | ||
| Premarital sex | |||||||
| Acceptance of that concept | No | 19 (41.3) | 300 (91.7) | 1 | (Reference) | ||
| Yes | 27 (58.7) | 27 (8.3) | <0.001 | 15.5 | 7.2–33.3 | ||
| Close friends with sexual experience | No | 13 (28.9) | 268 (81.0) | 1 | (Reference) | ||
| Yes | 32 (71.1) | 63 (19.0) | <0.001 | 8.6 | 4.1–17.6 | ||
| Have experienced drinking alcohol | No | 17 (37.0) | 238 (70.6) | 1 | (Reference) | ||
| Yes | 29 (63.0) | 99 (29.4) | 0.003 | 2.9 | 1.4–5.9 | ||
| Have experienced smoking tobacco | No | 17 (37.0) | 252 (74.3) | 1 | (Reference) | ||
| Yes | 29 (63.0) | 87 (25.7) | 0.002 | 3.5 | 1.6–7.9 | ||
a Pocket money/day: In kyat ( Myanmar money); low - <1,000 kyats/day, high - ≥1,000 kyats/day. 1,000 kyats was the current median of pocket money as well as reasonable daily expense for a community youths in Myanmar.