Table 4.
Accessibility to antenatal care (ANC) services and social support
| Characteristics | ANC not received n = 167 Number (%) |
ANC received n = 143 Number (%) |
Total n = 310 Number (%) |
|
| Distance to nearest ANC service (in km) | ||||
| < 4 | 12 (7.2) | 64 (44.8) | 76 (24.5) | |
| 4–7 | 59 (35.3) | 42 (29.4) | 101 (32.6) | |
| ≥ 8 | 96 (57.5) | 37 (25.9) | 133 (42.9) | |
| Mean = 7.9 SD = 3.9 Min = 3.0 Max = 16.0 | ||||
| Status of roads to nearest ANC service | ||||
| Inconvenient | 107 (64.1) | 64 (44.8) | 171 (55.2) | |
| Convenient | 60 (35.9) | 79 (55.2) | 139 (44.8) | |
| Public transportation to nearest ANC service | ||||
| Sometimes | 85 (50.9) | 39 (27.3) | 124 (40.0) | |
| Every day | 82 (49.1) | 104 (72.7) | 186 (60.0) | |
| Cost of transportation | ||||
| Expensive | 115 (68.9) | 39 (27.3) | 154 (49.7) | |
| Not expensive | 52 (31.1) | 104 (72.7) | 156 (50.3) | |
| Cost of service | ||||
| Expensive | 116 (69.5) | 47 (32.9) | 163 (52.6) | |
| Not expensive | 51 (30.5) | 96 (67.1) | 147 (47.4) | |
| Waiting time for ANC service (minutes) | ||||
| ≥ 30 | 60 (35.9) | 29 (20.3) | 89 (28.7) | |
| < 30 | 107 (64.1) | 114 (79.7) | 221 (71.3) | |
| Social support | ||||
| No | 121 (72.5) | 2 (1.4) | 123 (39.7) | |
| Yes | 46 (27.5) | 141 (98.6) | 187 (60.3) | |
| Source of encouragementa | ||||
| Village health volunteers (VHVs)/ Traditional birth attendants (TBAs) |
10 (6.0) | 141 (98.6) | 151 (80.7) | |
| Friend | 30 (18.0) | 113 (79.0) | 143 (76.5) | |
| Husband | 7 (4.2) | 123 (86.0) | 130 (69.5) | |
| Mother | 15 (9.0) | 93 (65.0) | 108 (57.8) | |
| Community leader | 17 (10.2) | 82 (57.3) | 99 (52.9) | |
| Health personnel | 11 (6.6) | 24 (16.8) | 35 (18.7) | |
| Source of informationa | ||||
| VHVs/TBAs | 57 (34.1) | 142 (99.3) | 200 (76.6) | |
| Health personnel | 46 (27.5) | 81 (56.6) | 126 (48.6) | |
| Friend | 36 (21.6) | 76 (53.1) | 112 (42.9) | |
| Community leader | 29 (17.4) | 65 (45.5) | 94 (36.0) | |
| Mass media (radio, TV, poster, brochure) | 26 (15.6) | 62 (43.4) | 88 (33.7) | |
| Mother | 9 (5.4) | 18 (12.6) | 27 (10.3) | |
| Husband | 4 (2.4) | 15 (10.5) | 19 (7.3) | |
a Multiple answers were invited from the respondents for every question. Therefore, percentage was calculated based on multiple answers by responding subjects.