Table 4. Barriers to cervical cancer screening among WRA in rural Kisumu County.
| Variable | Intervention | Control | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Baseline (n = 138) |
Endline (n = 113) |
p-value | Baseline (n = 136) |
Endline (n = 132) |
p-value | |
| Barriers | ||||||
| Lack of awareness about screening | 89 (64.5) | 19 (16.8) | <0.0001 | 69 (50.7) | 68 (51.5) | 0.898 |
| Don't know where to get screened | 14 (10.1) | 31 (27.4) | <0.0001 | 28 (20.6) | 29 (22.0) | 0.782 |
| Lack of awareness about cervical | 23 (16.7) | 44 (38.9) | <0.0001 | 28 (20.6) | 33 (25.0) | 0.389 |
| Not feeling sick | 3 (2.2) | 8 (7.1) | 0.059 | 12 (8.8) | 16 (12.1) | 0.378 |
| Fear of embarrassment | 9 (6.5) | 17 (15.0) | 0.027 | 26 (19.1) | 31 (23.5) | 0.382 |
| Not feeling at risk | 21 (15.2) | 53 (46.9) | <0.0001 | 23 (16.9) | 31 (23.5) | 0.180 |
| Violation of ones' privacy | 7 (5.1) | 26 (23.0) | <0.0001 | 3 (2.2) | 18 (13.6) | <0.0001 |
| Lack of spousal support | 11 (8.0) | 31 (27.4) | <0.0001 | 15 (11.0) | 24 (18.2) | 0.097 |
| Societal stigma | 8 (5.8) | 11 (9.7) | 0.241 | 9 (6.6) | 10 (7.6) | 0.760 |
| Waiting time at the health facility | 16 (11.6) | 31 (27.4) | 0.001 | 43 (31.6) | 44 (33.3) | 0.764 |
| Attitude of the health providers | 4 (2.9) | 21 (18.6) | <0.0001 | 2 (1.5) | 8 (6.1) | 0.047 |
| Cost of transport to the facility | 12 (8.7) | 37 (32.7) | <0.0001 | 9 (6.6) | 24 (18.2) | 0.004 |
| Cultural beliefs | 1 (0.7) | 5 (4.4) | 0.056 | 2 (1.5) | 2 (1.5) | 0.976 |
| Male healthcare provider | 27 (19.6) | 32 (28.3) | 0.104 | 3 (2.2) | 11 (8.3) | 0.024 |
Data are numbers (proportion). Denominator is the number of respondents who reported to have not been screened for cervical cancer. Statistical significance is reported at p ≤ 0.05. Bold is statistically significant.