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. 2024 Jun 21;10(12):e33223. doi: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e33223

Table 4.

Workflow for coated and uncoated filaments.

work steps PETG (control group) PLA (control group) PETG + nHA PLA + nHA PETG + nFA PLA + nFA
1. insert filament spool (colorFabb_HT clear, 1.75 mm, colorFabb B.V., Netherlands) inserting filament spool (extrudr PLA NX2 white, Extrudr FD3D GmbH, Austria) insert filament spool (colorFabb_HT clear, 1.75 mm, colorFabb B.V., Netherlands) inserting filament spool (extrudr PLA NX2 white, Extrudr FD3D GmbH, Austria) insert filament spool (colorFabb_HT clear, 1.75 mm, colorFabb B.V., Netherlands) inserting filament spool (extrudr PLA NX2 white, Extrudr FD3D GmbH, Austria)
2. insert sieve (sieve insert and pestle each made from newly manufactured PETG) insert sieve (sieve insert and pestle each made from newly manufactured PLA) insert sieve (sieve insert and pestle each made from newly manufactured PETG) insert sieve (sieve insert and pestle each made from newly manufactured PLA)
3. usage of a total of 4g nHA (Kalident Powder 100 1ST B (17 kGy), Kalichem srl, Italy) in portions with sterile cement spatula, nitrile examination gloves and bench scales; seven from nHA usage of a total of 4g nHA (Kalident Powder 100 1ST B (17 kGy), Kalichem srl, Italy) in portions with sterile cement spatula, nitrile examination gloves and bench scales; seven from nHA usage of a total of 4g nFA (Charge: RC2206379; S&C Polymer GmbH, Germany) in portions with sterile cement spatula, nitrile examination gloves and bench scales; seven from nFA usage of a total of 4g nFA (Charge: RC2206379; S&C Polymer GmbH, Germany) in portions with sterile cement spatula, nitrile examination gloves and bench scales; seven from nFA
4. turn on peltier elements (U = 12 V, I = 5 A) turn on peltier elements (U = 12 V, I = 5 A) turn on peltier elements (U = 12 V, I = 5 A) turn on peltier elements (U = 12 V, I = 5 A)
5. filament feeding for t = 120 s (U = 12 V, I = 0.5 A) filament feeding for t = 120 s (U = 12 V, I = 0.5 A) filament feeding for t = 120 s (U = 12 V, I = 0.5 A) filament feeding for t = 120 s (U = 12 V, I = 0.5 A) filament feeding for t = 120 s (U = 12 V, I = 0.5 A) filament feeding for t = 120 s (U = 12 V, I = 0.5 A)
6. stop filament feeding (U = 0 V, I = 0 A) stop filament feeding (U = 0 V, I = 0 A) stop filament feeding (U = 0 V, I = 0 A) stop filament feeding (U = 0 V, I = 0 A) stop filament feeding (U = 0 V, I = 0 A) stop filament feeding (U = 0 V, I = 0 A)
7. control target temperature: 100 °C control target temperature: 66 °C control target temperature: 100 °C control target temperature: 66 °C
8. separation and discarding of filament after passage through copper tube separation and discarding of filament after passage through copper tube separation and discarding of filament after passage through copper tube separation and discarding of filament after passage through copper tube separation and discarding of filament after passage through copper tube separation and discarding of filament after passage through copper tube
9. filament feeding for t = 900 s (U = 12 V, I = 0.5 A) filament feeding for t = 900 s (U = 12 V, I = 0.5 A) filament feeding for t = 900 s (U = 12 V, I = 0.5 A) filament feeding for t = 900 s (U = 12 V, I = 0.5 A) filament feeding for t = 900 s (U = 12 V, I = 0.5 A) filament feeding for t = 900 s (U = 12 V, I = 0.5 A)
10. stop filament feeding (U = 0 V, I = 0 A) stop filament feeding (U = 0 V, I = 0 A) stop filament feeding (U = 0 V, I = 0 A) stop filament feeding (U = 0 V, I = 0 A) stop filament feeding (U = 0 V, I = 0 A) stop filament feeding (U = 0 V, I = 0 A)
11. separation of filament after passage through the copper tube separation of filament after passage through the copper tube separation of filament after passage through the copper tube separation of filament after passage through the copper tube separation of filament after passage through the copper tube separation of filament after passage through the copper tube
12. separation of filament after passage through the copper tube and storage of PETG filament in 3l all-purpose bag; cleaning of container separation of filament after passage through the copper tube and storage of PLA filament in 3l all-purpose bag; cleaning of container separation of nHA coated filament after passage through the copper tube and storage of PETG filament in 3l all-purpose bag; cleaning of container separation of nHA coated filament after passage through the copper tube and storage of PLA filament in 3l all-purpose bag; cleaning of container separation of nFA coated filament after passage through the copper tube and storage of PETG filament in 3l all-purpose bag; cleaning of container separation of nFA coated filament after passage through the copper tube and storage of PLA filament in 3l all-purpose bag; cleaning of container
13. . switching off peltier elements and stop filament feeding for t = 300 s (U = 12 V, I = 0.5 A) switching off peltier elements and stop filament feeding for t = 300 s (U = 12 V, I = 0.5 A) switching off peltier elements and stop filament feeding for t = 300 s (U = 12 V, I = 0.5 A) switching off peltier elements and stop filament feeding for t = 300 s (U = 12 V, I = 0.5 A)
14. return of filament for 120 s by reversing the polarity (U = 12 V, I = 0.5 A) return of filament for 120 s by reversing the polarity (U = 12 V, I = 0.5 A) return of filament for 120 s by reversing the polarity (U = 12 V, I = 0.5 A) return of filament for 120 s by reversing the polarity (U = 12 V, I = 0.5 A) return of filament for 120 s by reversing the polarity (U = 12 V, I = 0.5 A) return of filament for 120 s by reversing the polarity (U = 12 V, I = 0.5 A)
15. removing filament spool removing filament spool removing filament spool removing filament spool removing filament spool removing filament spool
16. cleaning powder feed with vacuum cleaner and round wire cleaning powder feed with vacuum cleaner and round wire