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Heat map obtained using 5 MR detection methods of the effects of cathepsins on CVDs reveals that cathepsin E is a risk factor for MI and IS, cathepsin L2 offers protective effects against CHF and AF, and cathepsin O increases the risk for IS and AF. In the heatmap, yellow represents positive causal effects, while green represents negative causal effects. The darker the color, the stronger the causal effects. *indicates statistically significance.
