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. 2024 Jul 17;14:16541. doi: 10.1038/s41598-024-67309-x

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© The Author(s) 2024

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Heatmap showing changes in RferSNMP expression levels in pre-exposed and field-collected RPW adults compared with the RferSNMP respective expression in nonexposed animals from the laboratory colony. The data represents log-transformed 2^−ΔΔCT values measured by RT-qPCR. The heatmap colours represent the expression level from highest (blood red) to lowest (dark blue). Ind, insects pre-exposed with a commercial aggregation pheromone; Fld, insects collected from a date palm field in Saudi Arabia—AM, antenna male; and AF, antenna female.