. 2024 Jan 4;34(8):5108–5117. doi: 10.1007/s00330-023-10542-1

Table 2.

Performances of univariate analysis for the detection of patients with suspicion of csPCa on both training and validation sets

	Training	Validation
Detection of PCa (any GG vs no tumor)
Sensitivity	60.8% (46.1–74.2%)	64.7% (50.1–77.6%)	54.9% (40.3–68.9%)	88.2% (76.1–95.6%)	69.0% (49.2–84.7%)	58.6% (38.9–76.5%)	69.0% (49.2–84.7%)	89.7% (72.7–97.8%)
Specificity	50.5% (40.0–61.1%)	61.3% (50.6–71.2%)	43.0% (32.8–53.7%)	79.6% (70.0–87.2%)	36.7% (23.4–51.7%)	61.2% (46.2–74.8%)	36.2% (22.7–51.5%)	79.6% (65.7–89.8%)
PPV	40.3% (33.3–47.7%)	47.8% (39.8–56.0%)	34.6% (28.0–41.8%)	70.3% (61.0–78.2%)	39.2% (31.8–47.2%)	47.2% (36.0–58.8%)	40.0% (32.5–48.0%)	72.2% (59.6–82.1%)
NPV	70.2% (61.3–77.8%)	76.0% (67.9–82.6%)	63.5% (54.3–71.8%)	92.5% (85.2–96.3%)	66.7% (51.0–79.4%)	71.4% (60.6–80.3%)	65.4% (49.3–78.6%)	92.9% (81.5–97.5%)
Accuracy	54.2% (45.7–62.5%)	62.5% (54.1–70.4%)	47.2% (38.9–55.7%)	82.6% (75.5–88.4%)	48.7% (37.2–60.3%)	60.3% (48.5–71.2%)	48.7% (37.0–60.4%)	83.3% (73.2–90.8%)
AUC	0.52 (0.43–0.60) p = 0.685	0.62 (0.53–0.70) p = 0.013	0.52 (0.43–0.60) p = 0.770	0.85 (0.78–0.90) p < 0.001	0.48 (0.43–0.66) p = 0.510	0.58 (0.46–0.69) p = 0.225	0.58 (0.48–0.71) p = 0.177	0.84 (0.74–0.92) (p < 0.001)
Detection of csPCa (GG ≥ 2 vs GG = 1/no tumor)
Sensitivity	59.5% (43.3–74.4%)	61.9% (45.6–76.4%)	57.1% (41.0–72.3%)	92.9% (80.5–98.5%)	69.6% (47.1–86.8%)	60.8% (38.5–80.3%)	65.2% (42.7–83.6%)	91.3% (72.0–98.9%)
Specificity	49.0% (39.0–59.1%)	57.8% (47.7–67.6%)	44.1% (34.3–54.3%)	75.5% (66.0–83.5%)	36.4% (23.8–50.4%)	60.0% (45.9–73.0%)	32.7% (20.7–46.7%)	72.7% (59.0–83.9%)
PPV	32.5% (26.0–39.7%)	37.7% (30.3–45.7%)	29.6% (23.5–36.6%)	60.9% (52.4–68.9%)	31.4% (24.6–39.0%)	38.9% (28.7–50.2%)	28.9% (22.2–36.5%)	58.3% (47.2–68.7%)
NPV	74.6% (66.0–81.7%)	78.7% (70.8–84.9%)	71.4% (62.4–79.1%)	96.3% (89.6–98.7%)	74.1% (58.4–85.3%)	78.6% (67.8–86.5%)	69.2% (53.4–81.6%)	95.2% (84.0–98.7%)
Accuracy	52.1% (43.6–60.5%)	59.0% (50.5–67.1%)	47.9% (39.5–56.4%)	80 6% (73.1–86.7%)	46.2% (34.8–57.8%)	60.3% (48.5–71.2%)	42.3% (31.2–54.0%)	78.2% (67.4–86.8%)
AUC	0.52 (0.44–0.61) (p = 0.651)	0.60 (0.52–0.68) (p = 0.049)	0.54 (0.45–0.62) (p = 0.46)	0.86 (0.79–0.91) (p < 0.001)	0.45 (0.43–0.66) (p = 0.520)	0.61 (0.49–0.72) (p = 0.127)	0.54 (0.43–0.66) (p = 0.51)	0.83 (0.73–0.91) (p < 0.001)

Training

Validation

Age
(95% CI)

PSA
(95% CI)

deltamiRNA
(95% CI)

MRI
(95% CI)

Age
(95% CI)

PSA
(95% CI)

deltamiRNA
(95% CI)

MRI
(95% CI)

Detection of PCa (any GG vs no tumor)

Sensitivity

60.8%

(46.1–74.2%)

64.7%

(50.1–77.6%)

54.9%

(40.3–68.9%)

88.2%

(76.1–95.6%)

69.0%

(49.2–84.7%)

58.6%

(38.9–76.5%)

69.0%

(49.2–84.7%)

89.7%

(72.7–97.8%)

Specificity

50.5%

(40.0–61.1%)

61.3%

(50.6–71.2%)

43.0%

(32.8–53.7%)

79.6%

(70.0–87.2%)

36.7%

(23.4–51.7%)

61.2%

(46.2–74.8%)

36.2%

(22.7–51.5%)

79.6%

(65.7–89.8%)

PPV

40.3%

(33.3–47.7%)

47.8%

(39.8–56.0%)

34.6%

(28.0–41.8%)

70.3%

(61.0–78.2%)

39.2%

(31.8–47.2%)

47.2%

(36.0–58.8%)

40.0%

(32.5–48.0%)

72.2%

(59.6–82.1%)

NPV

70.2%

(61.3–77.8%)

76.0%

(67.9–82.6%)

63.5%

(54.3–71.8%)

92.5%

(85.2–96.3%)

66.7%

(51.0–79.4%)

71.4%

(60.6–80.3%)

65.4%

(49.3–78.6%)

92.9%

(81.5–97.5%)

Accuracy

54.2%

(45.7–62.5%)

62.5%

(54.1–70.4%)

47.2%

(38.9–55.7%)

82.6%

(75.5–88.4%)

48.7%

(37.2–60.3%)

60.3%

(48.5–71.2%)

48.7%

(37.0–60.4%)

83.3%

(73.2–90.8%)

AUC

0.52

(0.43–0.60)

p = 0.685

0.62

(0.53–0.70)

p = 0.013

0.52

(0.43–0.60)

p = 0.770

0.85

(0.78–0.90)

p < 0.001

0.48

(0.43–0.66)

p = 0.510

0.58

(0.46–0.69)

p = 0.225

0.58

(0.48–0.71)

p = 0.177

0.84

(0.74–0.92)

(p < 0.001)

Detection of csPCa (GG ≥ 2 vs GG = 1/no tumor)

Sensitivity

59.5%

(43.3–74.4%)

61.9%

(45.6–76.4%)

57.1%

(41.0–72.3%)

92.9%

(80.5–98.5%)

69.6%

(47.1–86.8%)

60.8%

(38.5–80.3%)

65.2%

(42.7–83.6%)

91.3%

(72.0–98.9%)

Specificity

49.0%

(39.0–59.1%)

57.8%

(47.7–67.6%)

44.1%

(34.3–54.3%)

75.5%

(66.0–83.5%)

36.4%

(23.8–50.4%)

60.0%

(45.9–73.0%)

32.7%

(20.7–46.7%)

72.7%

(59.0–83.9%)

PPV

32.5%

(26.0–39.7%)

37.7%

(30.3–45.7%)

29.6%

(23.5–36.6%)

60.9%

(52.4–68.9%)

31.4%

(24.6–39.0%)

38.9%

(28.7–50.2%)

28.9%

(22.2–36.5%)

58.3%

(47.2–68.7%)

NPV

74.6%

(66.0–81.7%)

78.7%

(70.8–84.9%)

71.4%

(62.4–79.1%)

96.3%

(89.6–98.7%)

74.1%

(58.4–85.3%)

78.6%

(67.8–86.5%)

69.2%

(53.4–81.6%)

95.2%

(84.0–98.7%)

Accuracy

52.1%

(43.6–60.5%)

59.0%

(50.5–67.1%)

47.9%

(39.5–56.4%)

80 6%

(73.1–86.7%)

46.2%

(34.8–57.8%)

60.3%

(48.5–71.2%)

42.3%

(31.2–54.0%)

78.2%

(67.4–86.8%)

AUC

0.52

(0.44–0.61)

(p = 0.651)

0.60

(0.52–0.68)

(p = 0.049)

0.54

(0.45–0.62)

(p = 0.46)

0.86

(0.79–0.91)

(p < 0.001)

0.45

(0.43–0.66)

(p = 0.520)

0.61

(0.49–0.72)

(p = 0.127)

0.54

(0.43–0.66)

(p = 0.51)

0.83

(0.73–0.91)

(p < 0.001)

PCa prostate cancer, csPCa clinically significant prostate cancer, GG Gleason grade, CI confidence interval, PPV positive predictive value, NPV negative predictive value, AUC area under the receiving characteristic curve