Table 4.

Comparison with other adsorbents in the literature

Adsorbent	Pollutant	Operating parameters	Adsorption efficiency	Reference
Modified bagasse fly ash	Malachite green and methylene blue	Dye concentration = 100 mg/L, pH = 9.6, adsorbent dose = 2 g/L, and reaction time = 51.5 min	Adsorption efficiencies = 71.5% and 67.2% for malachite green and methylene blue, respectively
Mint-stalks derived biochar	Methylene blue	Adsorbent dose = 0.5 g/L, dye concentration = 5 mg/L, pH = 7, temperature = 30 °C, and reaction time = 90 min	Adsorption efficiency = 87.5%
Activated waste toner powder	Methylene blue	Adsorbent dose = 0.1 g/100 mL, dye concentration = 10 mg/L, and reaction time = 3 h	Adsorption efficiency = 80%
Fe3O4@PVA/GT	Methylene blue	pH = 9, dye concentration = 10 mg/L, temperature = 35oC and reaction time = 4 h	Adsorption efficiency = 93%
Magnetic-activated graphene	Methylene blue	MB concentration =10 mg/L, pH 7, adsorbent dose = 1 g/L, and reaction time = 180 min	Adsorption efficiency = 96.3%	This study