Fig. 3. Determination of magnetic anisotropy in a CrSBr monolayer.

a Reconstruction³¹ of magnetization components along the CrSBr b-axis (M_b, top panels) and a-axis (M_a, bottom panels) for different temperatures, under a magnetic bias field applied roughly along the a-axis ((θ, ϕ) = (65°, 265°)). b Illustration of the two competing interactions: effective anisotropy (K^*) and Zeeman energy (B), and their effect on the magnetization direction of the material. c Effective in-plane and out-of-plane anisotropy of bulk CrSBr measured with vibrating sample magnetometry. d Extracted effective in-plane anisotropy (K^*) from the measurements in (a) and the extrapolated anisotropy from the bulk measurements in (c) assuming a linear trend. The dashed box in (c) indicates the range of (d).