Table 2.
Characteristics of the platforms identified in the included studies, including name of the platform, relationship between the participants, platform purpose, duration of intervention participation, components that were completed in a self-paced manner, components completed together (cocompletion) or by individuals alone, practitioner engagement components, any tailoring provided, and additional key features.
| Platform | Target relationship; intervention target; intervention duration | Self-paced components | Cocompletion versus individual completion | Practitioner engagement components | Tailored platform components and additional key features |
| 4Cs:CRCa | Couples; patient–partner coping with cancer; 6 weeks | 6 intervention sections including dyadic learning sessions, health information, cancer news, web-based counseling, sharing circle, and personal center | Content intended to be completed by couples together | Face-to-face or web-based synchronous counseling sessions delivered biweekly to revisit content and provide additional support (some study conditions) | Weekly reminders to complete web-based sessions |
| CA-CIFFTAb | Parent-child; treat behavioral problems and family conflict in young minority adolescents and their families; 12 weeks | 4-6 computer-based modules; links to academic websites | Parents watched videos independently first, then rewatched with the adolescent; individual log-ins; role-appropriate videos | 6-10 face-to-face sessions; fortnightly phone calls; asynchronous communication | Modular format for families to select content most relevant to the family’s clinical and cultural needs and preferences; custom links |
| Cool Kids Online | Parent-child; psychoeducation and CBTc-based anxiety management skills for children and their parents; 10 weeks | 8 web-based lessons—first 6 released weekly and final 2 released biweekly | Web-based lessons completed together; parent trained as a “coach” for their child; additional web-based information provided to caregivers at the end of each lesson | Parents completed weekly phone calls with clinician—reinforce success, clarify questions, assist with barriers and skill implementation, reinforce practice, and normalize experience | Automated reminder emails—emails reinforced content, skill practice, and engagement |
| C-MBId for YBCSse | Couples; relationship distress for couples where one member is a breast cancer survivor; 8 weeks | 8 weekly, prerecorded videos delivered via the web; video links and reminders emailed to participants weekly | All videos watched together | Participants encouraged to email or call research staff regarding questions or content during participation | None |
| Couple HOPESf | Couples; relationship functioning when one partner has PTSDg; 8 weeks | 7 web-based modules containing videos, exercises, and practice assignments completed sequentially | Videos and module exercises completed together; partners had separate, linked accounts where they independently completed assignments; assignment entries and scores could be seen by both partners | 4 scheduled calls with a coach after modules 1, 3, 5, and 7 plus 1 additional call as needed; engagement and adherence facilitated through platform messaging; coaches’ role involved reviewing symptom change, reinforcing successes, enhancing motivation for engagement, and troubleshooting barriers | Automated feedback graph depicted reported symptom change over time; progress bar and module menu communicated and incentivized progress; web-based application and smartphone app |
| Couplelinks | Couples; relationship functioning after cancer diagnosis; 8 weeks | 6 modules; each module begins with an informational component followed by instructions for interactive exercises; couples reflect after each module; additional articles and video resources available | Modules completed together | Asynchronous platform-based messaging; introductory telephone call and 2 brief “check-ins” to reinforce alliance and promote adherence | Additional noncompulsory content |
| eMBh | Couples; increase partner’s understanding of perinatal mood and anxiety disorders and therapeutic approaches to managing associated symptoms; 8 weeks | Recommended completion of 1 lesson per week in any order, with revisits as needed; psychoeducational modules containing YouTube videos, vignettes, interactive quizzes, homework, guided meditation, and downloadable resources | Participants could choose whether to complete separately or together | None | Could be completed in any order |
| Embers the Dragon | Parent-child; supporting emotional development and parental responses to child behavior; 8 weeks | Two 6-minute animated episodes and accompanying videos and activities | Parent and child watch the episodes and complete postvideo activities together; following the episodes, parents watch explanation videos | None | None |
| ePREPi | Couples; preventative intervention to enhance relationship satisfaction and mental health; 6 weeks | 6 hours of web-based modules and approximately 1-2 hours of homework | Couples completed modules and homework together | Four 15-minute appointments with coach practicing skills; weekly reminder emails to complete content and links to resources | Computer based, could be completed from mobile or tablet |
| FOCUSj | Caregiver–care recipient (family); psychosocial health of patients with cancer and their family caregivers; 6 weeks | 3 sessions delivered sequentially, with time to practice skills learned in between | Dyads completed the sessions together | Asynchronous “help” function that generated an email to the project director | Tailored, app-generated messages provided web links addressing the dyad’s specific concerns; offered a choice of tailored activities to complete between web sessions; tailoring based on baseline information provided |
| iCBTk | Families; family functioning when a child has an anxiety disorder diagnosis; 10 weeks | 11 modules, including reading materials, film, animations, and illustrations | Parents worked on their modules first so that they could then work with the children; 7 modules aimed at parents only | Platform-based messages; tailored feedback after exercise completion; 3 telephone calls during treatment and additional ones as needed to clarify content, increase motivation, and solve problems | None |
| Military Family Foundations | Couples; military couples in the transition to parenthood; not specified | 5 prenatal and 3 postnatal modules | Modules completed together | Email reminders sent to couples if they stopped engaging for >10 days | None |
| MindGuide Couples | Couples; preventative intervention centered on vulnerability to Korean middle adulthood depression, “Hwa-Byung,” and couple relationships; 5-7 weeks | 4 modules over 16 sessions, maximum 60 minutes each; sessions included audio-recorded mindfulness activities, video lectures, practical tasks, and case-based scenarios | Modules 3 and 4 were joint sessions, including creating a shared vision; performed practical tasks together; modules 1 and 2 were completed individually | Coaching sessions after each module to promote participation via reflective dialogue and provide feedback on participants’ responses | None |
| MRl | Couples; relationship functioning when a member is a veteran with a history of deployment in a post-9/11 combat operation; 16 weeks | 11 activities delivered via instructional videos, guided audio, and written manuals | Sessions on “Connecting with Partner” could be completed alone or together; the remaining sessions were completed independently | None | Accessible through website and mobile apps |
| Mother-daughter program | Parent-child; mother-daughter relationship quality and reduced risk of underage drinking; 10 weeks (4 weeks for the brief version) | 9-14 modules; different adaptations were developed; animated characters portrayed the adolescent girl and her mother | Modules completed together; participants independently logged in to complete questions about content; participants could not advance until both mother and daughter had completed this | None | None |
| OFPSm (including CAPSn and TOPSo) | Families; family functioning when the child, adolescent, or teenager has a TBIp; 6 months | 7-11 sessions; core sessions and additional supplementary sessions provided based on identified need; web-based content included problem-solving skills, video clips, exercises, and assignments | Website used by multiple family members together | Initial face-to-face session completed in the family’s home; telehealth session following web-based sessions to review exercises | Supplementary sessions provided based on personal need; family members selected their picture to indicate that they were present; when required, the platform would prompt particular family members to respond, and other times, the whole family was asked to respond together |
| ORq | Couples; relationship distress; 6 weeks (brief OR=2 weeks) | 3 sections including video examples and psychoeducation | Content completed separately; couple completed guided conversation together at the end of each section | 4 phone calls during the intervention; asynchronous chat feature | Tailored report on improvement provided; in some studies, automated tailored emails were provided |
| ParentSTRONG | Parent-child; adolescent boy domestic violence prevention intervention; 4 weeks | 6 modules comprising 4-6 activities; parents and teenagers progress through alternate reality as avatars | After module 1, all modules are completed by the parent and child together; module 1 (introduction) completed by parents only | Staff could be contacted to troubleshoot technology | None |
| PACTr | Parent-child; emotional availability and parent and child adjustment when the child has cerebral palsy; 10 weeks (enforced break in the middle) | 3 modules and a final review module after a short break | Some exercises were designed for individual completion | Fortnightly check-in (phone, SMS text message, or email) to monitor completion and check understanding of content | None |
| ParentWorks | Couples; father-inclusive parenting intervention; 4 weeks | 5-8 modules | Participants accessed via a shared account; participants had the option to complete it independently | None | Feedback provided based on participant responses; formatted for mobile, laptop, and tablet viewing |
| PERCs | Couples; relationship distress following a prostate cancer diagnosis; 8 weeks | 7 modules—5 core and 2 optional | Encouraged to view and complete everything together | None | Optional modules; users could select text- or audio-based slides depending on preference |
| Resilient Living | Caregiver–care recipient (family); building dyadic resilience skills for patients with stroke or brain tumor and their family caregivers; 8 weeks | 4 web-based video modules and participant journal | Option to complete individually | Telehealth session before commencement of web-based modules | None |
| Web-based partnership support program | Couples; support intervention to prevent quality of life deterioration and reduce emotional distress in men undergoing fertility treatment; 2 weeks | 30-minute self-paced content over 10 days | Watched information together; discussion between couples using the communication form; couples individually completed their communication form, which was subsequently used to guide their discussion | None | None |
| Web-based PREPt program | Couples; couple relationship education for foster or adoptive parents; 1 week | 4 chapters plus additional resources | Entire intervention completed together | None | None |
a4Cs:CRC: Caring for Couples Coping With Colorectal Cancer.
bCA-CIFFTA: Computer-Assisted, Culturally Informed, and Flexible Family-Based Treatment for Adolescents.
cCBT: cognitive behavioral therapy.
dC-MBI: couple mindfulness-based intervention.
eYBCS: young breast cancer survivor.
fHOPES: Helping Overcome Posttraumatic Stress Disorder and Enhance Satisfaction.
gPTSD: posttraumatic stress disorder.
heMB: mothers and babies online course.
iePREP: computer-based Prevention and Relationship Enhancement Program.
jFOCUS: family involvement, optimistic outlook, coping effectiveness, uncertainty reduction, and symptom management.
kiCBT: internet-delivered cognitive behavioral therapy.
lMR: Mission Reconnect.
mOFPS: Online Family Problem-Solving Therapy.
nCAPS: counselor-assisted problem-solving.
oTOPS: teen online problem-solving.
pTBI: traumatic brain injury.
qOR: OurRelationship.
rPACT: Parenting Acceptance and Commitment Therapy.
sPERC: Prostate Cancer Education and Resources for Couples.
tPREP: Prevention and Relationship Enhancement Program.