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. 2024 May 23;13(11):e032201. doi: 10.1161/JAHA.123.032201

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© 2024 The Authors. Published on behalf of the American Heart Association, Inc., by Wiley.

This is an open access article under the terms of the http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/ License, which permits use and distribution in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited, the use is non‐commercial and no modifications or adaptations are made.

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Plasma levels of IL‐6 (A), IL‐1β (B) and IL‐17a (C) in HFpEF (black bars; n=13) vs control (white bars; n=9) rats. Values are presented as mean±SEM. * 0.01<P<0.05, **0.001<P<0.01, HFpEF vs control rats. Correlations between plasma levels of cardiac biomarker sST2 and plasma levels of pro‐inflammatory cytokines, including IL‐6 and IL‐1β (D) and between hemodynamic parameter, mPAP and plasma levels of proinflammatory cytokines, including IL‐6 and IL‐1β (E). Data of HFpEF and control groups were analyzed together using a parametric Pearson's correlation coefficient analysis. HFpEF indicates heart failure with preserved ejection fraction; IL, interleukin; mPAP, mean pulmonary artery pressure.