Table 3.
Top 10 Proteins Associated With Lower Risk of Heart Failure Hospitalization and Cardiovascular Death in HFpEF
| Protein symbol | Protein name | Minimally adjusted | Risk factor adjusted | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Rate ratio (95% CI) | P value | Rate ratio (95% CI) | P value | ||
| SERPINA4 | Kallistatin | 0.73 (0.66–0.81) | 1.1 × 10−9 | 0.7 (0.59–0.84) | 1.2 × 10−4 |
| AFM | Afamin | 0.65 (0.56–0.77) | 2.2 × 10−7 | 0.64 (0.49–0.84) | 1.1 × 10−3 |
| GHR | Growth hormone receptor | 0.68 (0.59–0.8) | 9.4 × 10−7 | 0.7 (0.54–0.92) | 9.7 × 10−3 |
| APOE | Apolipoprotein E (isoform E4) | 0.70 (0.60–0.81) | 4.0 × 10−6 | 0.72 (0.53–0.97) | 3.2 × 10−2 |
| CILP2 | Cartilage intermediate layer protein 2 | 0.64 (0.52–0.78) | 1.4 × 10−5 | 0.84 (0.64–1.11) | 2.1 × 10−1 |
| AHSP | α‐Hemoglobin‐stabilizing protein | 0.72 (0.63–0.84) | 1.4 × 10−5 | 0.87 (0.66–1.16) | 3.4 × 10−1 |
| CDH3 | Cadherin‐3 | 0.69 (0.58–0.82) | 3.2 × 10−5 | 0.58 (0.45–0.75) | 4.1 × 10−5 |
| CPT1B | Carnitine O‐palmitoyltransferase 1, muscle isoform | 0.67 (0.56–0.81) | 3.4 × 10−5 | 0.85 (0.61–1.2) | 3.7 × 10−1 |
| CLEC4M | C‐type lectin domain family 4 member M | 0.71 (0.61–0.84) | 3.7 × 10−5 | 0.67 (0.51–0.87) | 3.4 × 10−3 |
| CLEC3B | Tetranectin | 0.67 (0.56–0.81) | 4.0 × 10−5 | 0.69 (0.51–0.94) | 1.9 × 10−2 |
The 10 proteins most strongly associated with lower risk of the primary end point, total heart failure hospitalization and cardiovascular death, in PARAGON‐HF in a recurrent events regression model adjusted for age, sex, treatment, and anticoagulant use. Only associations that remained statistically significant at false discovery rate <0.05 after removal of outlier values >5 SDs from the mean were considered significant. Results from the risk factors adjusted model are included for reference. The full lists of protein associations are provided in Tables S1 and S3. HFpEF indicates heart failure with preserved ejection fraction; and PARAGON‐HF, Efficacy and Safety of LCZ696 Compared to Valsartan, on Morbidity and Mortality in Heart Failure Patients With Preserved Ejection Fraction.