Table 3.
Demographic and Clinical Characteristics of Sample
| T0 | T6 | |
|---|---|---|
| Mean±SD | Mean±SD | |
| Weeks of gestation | 15.64±2.45 | ‐ |
| Prepregnancy BMI, kg/m2 | 32.74±6.55 | ‐ |
| Gestational weight gain, lbs* | ‐ | 29.43±20.41 |
| Postpartum weight retention, lbs† | ‐ | 13.37±18.96 |
| Age, y | 28.43±5.40 | ‐ |
| CES‐D | 12.46±9.88 | 10.75±9.58 |
| PSS | 20.91±8.73 | 20.73±8.97 |
| CVH total (sleep included; n = 114) | 53.05±15.03 | 46.86±17.92 |
| CVH total (sleep excluded) | 40.27±17.64 | 41.97±19.98 |
| BMI, kg/m2 | 34.17±7.15 | 34.94±7.41 |
| 2015 HEI scores‡ | 47.36±10.96 | 45.73±10.78 |
| Minutes of weekly MVPA§ | 120.15±293.96 | 138.01±316.50 |
| Hours of sleep per night (n = 114) | 7.05±1.62 | 6.12±3.22 |
| n (%) | n (%) | |
| CES‐D scores ≥16|| | 65 (28.76) | 51 (22.56) |
| Current combustible tobacco or other NDS use | 52 (23.01) | 72 (31.85) |
| Yearly household income | ‐ | |
| ≤$30,000 | 148 (65.48) | |
| >$30,000 | 78 (34.51) | |
| Education | ‐ | |
| Grade school or some high school | 28 (12.39) | |
| High school graduate or GED | 47 (20.80) | |
| Some college or technical school | 86 (38.05) | |
| 4‐y college graduate | 31 (13.72) | |
| Postgraduate degree | 34 (15.04) | |
| Racial identity | ‐ | |
| Asian | 1 (0.44) | |
| American Indian or Alaska Native | 3 (1.32) | |
| Black | 113 (50.0) | |
| Multiracial | 9 (3.98) | |
| Unknown | 4 (1.77) | |
| White | 96 (42.48) | |
| Hispanic ethnicity | 7 (6.8) | ‐ |
T0, baseline assessment; T6, postpartum assessment. BMI indicates body mass index; CES‐D, Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale; CVH = cardiovascular health; GED = General Educational Development; HEI, Healthy Eating Index; MVPA = moderate and vigorous intensity physical activity; NDS = nicotine delivery system; and PSS, Perceived Stress Scale.
Gestational weight gain was calculated as the measured weight before delivery, obtained from medical records, minus self‐reported prepregnancy weight obtained during the initial phone screen. Data were missing for 4 participants.
Postpartum weight retention was calculated by subtracting self‐reported prepregnancy weight in lbs from measured weight in lbs obtained at T6.
HEI scores for the weekend and weekday dietary intake assessments were averaged to create a single HEI score representing overall diet quality during the week of assessment.
Minutes of vigorous physical activity were not doubled when calculating descriptive statistics presented in this table. They were only doubled for the purposes of calculating the Life's Essential 8 metric, per the American Heart Association's scoring guidelines.
Scores of ≥16 on the CES‐D are considered indicative of risk for a major depressive episode.