Table 3.

Summary of More Common Medical Etiologies of Catatonia.

Neurological	Poisoning
Encephalitis Seizures Structural abnormalities Vascular insults TBI Hydrocephalus Narcolepsy Hypoxia PRES	Carbon monoxide Ethylene Organophosphates
	Endocrine
	Hypothyroidism Hyperthyroidism Hyperparathyroidism DKA Hypoglycemia Wilson's disease Cushing's disease Adrenal abnormalities
Substance Use
Benzodiazepine intoxication or withdrawal Alcohol intoxication or withdrawal Stimulant intoxication Hallucinogen intoxication Inhalant intoxication
	Infectious
	UTI Respiratory infections (esp. COVID) Cellulitis Systemic infections HIV/AIDS
Medications
Disulfiram Aspirin Baclofen Bupropion Discontinuation of clozapine Steroids Anticonvulsants Antibiotics Antiretrovirals Chemotherapy
	Autoimmune
	SLE Demyelinating conditions Crohn's disease Paraneoplastic syndrome PANDAS
	Metabolic
	Hyponatremia Hypercalcemia Hyperammonemia Porphyria Renal failure Hepatic failure
Developmental
Autism spectrum disorder Down's syndrome Mitochondrial abnormalities 22q11.2 deletion syndrome Tay-Sachs’ disease Tuberous sclerosis
	Nutritional Deficiencies
	Vitamin B1 Vitamin B3 Vitamin B12 Niacin