Official websites use .gov
A
.gov website belongs to an official
government organization in the United States.
Secure .gov websites use HTTPS
A lock (
) or https:// means you've safely
connected to the .gov website. Share sensitive
information only on official, secure websites.
Schematic representation of the three assumptions and study design. IVs Instrumental variables. SNPs Single nucleotide polymorphisms. Assumption 1: The selected genetic IVs are robustly associated with the exposure. Assumption 2: The chosen IVs are not associated with potential confounders. Assumption 3: The IVs can only influence the risk of the outcome dependently through exposure
