Figure 2.

Interfacial liquid water structure on a hydrophobic silica surface (OTS). (a) 2D force maps (x, z) of an OTS–water interface (1 mM KCl). (b) Force–distance curves obtained from (a). (c) Histogram of d₁ and d₂ distances measured from several hydrophobic silica–water interfaces. About 600 force–distance curves are used to plot the histogram. The average force–distance curve is highlighted in blue. Individual force–distance curves are plotted in gray. Experimental parameters: f = 806 kHz, k = 9.2 N m^–1, Q = 6.3, A₀ = 150, and A_sp = 100 pm.