Figure 5. Condensates can catalyze the decomposition of ATP.

A, The dephosphorylation pathway of ATP to ADP, AMP, and adenosine.

B, Quantification of the decomposition of ATP based on solutions with or without condensates with an ATP-dependent luminescence assay. N = 4 independent experiment. Bar graph shows the mean ± SD.

C, A sample spectrum of linear ion mass spectroscopy analysis of the supernatant of the condensate solution containing 0.1 mM ATP after incubation of 30 min at room temperature.

D, Quantification of intracellular ATP level at different time points for cells with or without condensates. Cells with or without condensates were incubated into rich medium for different periods and their intracellular ATP levels were quantified using an ATP-dependent luminescence assay. N = 5 independent experiment. Bar graph shows the mean ± SD.

E, Time-dependent tracking of the intracellular ATP level at different cellular stages. The decrease of the ATP level aligns with the time needed to form condensates. N = 4 independent experiment. Data point represents the mean ± SD.

F, RNA-seq analysis of mRNA abundance depending on phosphate-activated transcriptional activator for cells with or without condensates.