Extended Data Figure 1-1: Individual somatic withdrawal signs in morphine-dependent mice undergoing 24-hour spontaneous withdrawal.

(a) Morphine-dependent mice undergoing spontaneous withdrawal demonstrate increased frequencies of (b) paw tremors (unpaired t test, t=7.187, df=27, p<0.0001), (c) head shakes (unpaired t test, t=2.443, df=27, p=0.0214), and (d) body shakes (unpaired t test, t=7.342, df=27, p<0.0001), while the frequencies of (a) resting tremors, (e) genital licking and grooming, (f) gnawing on limb, and (g) backing and defensive treading bouts (h) diarrhea, (i) jumps, and (j) digging bouts remain unchanged relative to opioid naïve. Data are represented as mean ± SEM, *p<0.05, **p<0.01, ***p<0.001, ****p<0.0001.