Fig. 1. Individual protein associations with incident outcomes in the UK Biobank (n = 47,600).
a, Number of associations between protein analytes and time to onset for 21 outcomes that had P < 3.1 × 10−6 (Bonferroni-adjusted threshold) in both basic and fully adjusted Cox PH models. There were 3,209 associations in total involving 963 protein analytes. Two-sided tests were used in all cases. b, HR per 1 s.d. higher level of the transformed protein analytes (compared within individuals at baseline). Fifty-four protein analytes that were associated with eight or more outcomes in the individual Cox PH models are shown. Each association is represented by a rectangle. Cox PH models were adjusted for age, sex and six lifestyle factors (BMI, alcohol consumption, social deprivation, educational attainment, smoking status and physical activity). Every association identified for these proteins had HR > 1 (red), and associations are shaded based on the HR effect size (darkest coloration indicating a larger magnitude of effect). The largest HR shown is for the association between GDF15 levels and liver disease (HR = 3.7).