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. 2024 Jul 10;4(7):939–948. doi: 10.1038/s43587-024-00655-7

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© The Author(s) 2024

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Fig. 3 — a, Case (red) and control (blue) discrimination for HbA1c and the type 2 diabetes ProteinScore in the test set (1,105 cases and 3,264 controls, mean time to case onset 5.4 years (s.d. 3.0 years)). Both markers were rank-based inverse normalized and scaled to have a mean of 0 and s.d. of 1. b, HbA1c (mmol mol⁻¹) per decile of the type 2 diabetes ProteinScore in the test set (1,105 cases and 3,264 controls, mean time to case onset 5.4 years (s.d. 3.0 years)). The shaded rectangle indicates the type 2 diabetes HbA1c screening threshold (42–47 mmol mol⁻¹). Violin plots display the median and upper and lower quartiles as the three lines comprising the central rectangle, with minima and maxima points corresponding to those at the tips of the plot whiskers. c, ROC curves for incremental 10-year-onset models incorporating HbA1c, the type 2 diabetes ProteinScore and a PRS for type 2 diabetes individually and concurrently.

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