Table 1.

Surveillance and monitoring systems included

Title	Acronym	Country	Start year	Final year	Sampling process	Age range	Measures of physical fitness	Frequency
National Standard of Physical Fitness of Students	NSPFS	China	1954	Present	Compulsory for all students (primary school [grade 1–6], junior high school [grade 7–9], high school [grade 10–12]) and college/university undergraduate students) in China	6–22	8 × 50-m shuttle run, 800- (girl)/1000-m (boys) endurance running, forced vital capacity of lung (spirometry), standing long jump, oblique body pull-ups, pull-ups (boys), 60-s sit-ups (girls), 50-m dash, 60-s rope-skipping, sit-and-reach, height, weight, BMI	Annual
Japan Fit Survey for All Ages	-	Japan	1964	Present	School-aged children (aged 6–17 years) randomly sampled from each of Japan’s 47 prefectures, with 50–60 students from each age–gender group selected from participating schools	6–79	20-m shuttle run, handgrip strength, standing long jump, sit-ups, softball throw or handball throw, 50-m sprint, sit-and-reach	Annual
National surveillance system for physical and motor development of children and youth in Slovenia	SLOfit	Slovenia	1982	Present	SLOfit has enabled annual monitoring of 220,000 students aged 6–19, making it possible to measure almost the entire Slovenian population every April	6–19	600-m run, standing long jump, 60-s sit-ups, bent arm hang, 20-s arm plate tapping, polygon backward, 60-m dash, stand-and-reach, height, weight, triceps skinfold	Annual
Brazil Sport Project	PROESP-Br	Brazil	1994	Present	The system includes data from schoolchildren from schools that voluntarily adopt the battery of tests that make up PROESP and form a national database of physical fitness monitoring	6–17	6-min run/walk, standing long jump, curl-ups, medicine ball chest pass, 4 × 4-m agility test, 20-m run, sit-and-reach, height, weight, BMI, waist circumference, wingspan	Annual
National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey	NHANES	USA	1999–2000	Present	NHANES used four stages of sampling to select participants	3–oldest	Cardiorespiratory fitness (treadmill), handgrip strength, height, weight, waist circumference, DEXA skinfolds	Annual
Canadian Health Measures Survey	CHMS	Canada	2007–2009	Present	CHMS uses a stratified 3-stage sampling method to select one or two respondents from each dwelling in a sampled collection site, with strata defined at each stage based on geographic regions, household composition, and age groups	3–79	Cardiorespiratory fitness (mCAFT), handgrip strength, jumping mechanography testing using the Leonardo mechanograph ground reaction force plate, sit and reach, height, weight, BMI, waist circumference, skinfolds	Biannual
National System of Evaluation of Learning Outcomes of the Ministry of Education of Chile on Physical Education	SIMCEEF	Chile	2010	2011	Population-based system that assesses all 8th grade students in Chile	13–14	20-m shuttle run, Cafra test, standing long jump, sit-ups, push-ups, sit-and-reach, height, weight, BMI, waist circumference	Annual
French national program to assess the physical fitness, organized by Institut des Rencontres de la Forme	DIAGNOFORM	France	2010	2018	Data from several regions of France. All schools in France were invited to participate in the study, with each school director deciding whether to participate	5–11	20-m shuttle run, standing long jump, running as fast as possible for 5 s, test measuring the capability to reach down as far as possible starting from standing position and maintaining the position for 3 s (flexibility)	Annual
Physical Activity Promotion System	PAPS	South Korea	2010	Present	PAPS is conducted in all public and private schools in South Korea to evaluate physical fitness and provide exercise-related guidance to elementary, middle, and high school students	9–18	15-m and 20-m shuttle run, standing long jump, handgrip strength, muscular strength, sit-and-reach test, height, weight, BMI	Annual
National Fitness Award	NFA and NFA for early years	South Korea	2011	Present	This is a government-operated program that offers free fitness testing services to individuals who willingly participate in 75 testing centers located throughout the country. Initially designed for individuals aged 11 years and older, a pilot program for children aged 4 and 6 years commenced in 2023. The pilot program was based on a stratified sampling method by age, sex, and area of residence	4–6 years; 11 years–oldest	4–6 years: standing long jump, handgrip strength, curl-up, 10-m shuttle run, 4 × 5-m shuttle run, 3 × 3 button-pushing, sit-and-reach, height, weight 11–12 years: 15-m shuttle run, standing long jump, handgrip strength, partial curl-ups, side run, coordination 3 × 3 button push, eye-hand coordination, sit-and-reach, height, weight, BMI, weight-height ratio, body fat measures (bioelectric impedance) 13–18 years: 20-m shuttle run, treadmill/step testing for $\dot{V}$ O2max, standing long jump, handgrip strength, partial curl-ups, repeated jump test, flight time, Illinois agility test, eye-hand coordination, sit-and-reach, height, weight, BMI, body fat measures (bioelectric impedance)	Annual
Hungarian National Student Fitness Test	NETFIT	Hungary	2013	Present	NETFIT used a nationally representative sample of 2686 participants, selected from 53 schools across seven regions using 2-stage stratified random sampling. A subsample of 578 was randomly selected for lab tests in five regional laboratories	11–19	Handgrip strength, standing long jump, push-ups, curl-ups, trunk lifts, modified sit-and-reach, body fat measures (bioelectric impedance)	Annual
A national physical functional capacity monitoring and feedback system for Finnish students in grades 5 and 8	Move!	Finland	2016	Present	Population-based system composed of students in grades 5 and 8	11–14	5 continuous jumps, upper body lift, push-ups, squats, throw-catch combination (handling skills, perceptual motor skills, upper limb strength), lower back extensions, 20-m line run, shoulder mobility	Annual
FitEscola	FitEscola	Portugal	2016	Present	The system includes all Portuguese schoolchildren		20-m shuttle run, 1-mile walk, long jump, horizontal jump, sit-ups, push-ups, 10-m agility shuttle run, shoulder mobility test, sit-and-reach, BMI, triceps and calf skinfolds, bioelectrical impedance, waist circumference	Annual
National fitness monitoring system in Serbia	-	Serbia	2017	Present	Population-based system which tests all students in the age range	9–19	20-m shuttle run, standing long jump, bent arm hang, 30-s sit-ups, 4 × 10-m shuttle run, sit-and-reach, height, weight, BMI	Semestral
Lithuanian physical fitness monitoring system	-	Lithuania	2019	Present	The system includes all students from grades 1 to 12 in all general education schools	6–17	20-m shuttle run, 6-min run, standing long jump, tennis ball throw, bent arm hang, 10 × 5-m shuttle run, flamingo (balance), sit-and-reach	Annual

CHMS: The Canadian system uses different tests every cycle. NFA: Evaluates sporadically across the year. The Lithuanian physical fitness monitoring system has not yet started due to the COVID-19 pandemic

BMI body mass index, COVID-19 coronavirus disease 2019, DEXA dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry, mCAFT modified Canadian Aerobic Fitness Test, $\dot{V}$ O_2max maximal oxygen consumption