Table 4.

Impacts of RPM interventions on patient safety, adherence, clinical/quality of life and cost-related outcomes

First author, year	Monitoring Mode	Patient safety		Adherence		Clinical/ quality of life outcomes			Cost-related Outcomes
		Major complications	Adverse event	Adherence to medication or lifestyle prescription	Odds of self-monitoring	Mobility/ functional statuses	Occurrence of various physical and mental symptoms	Duration until return to work	Hospital admission/ readmission/ length of stay	Number of outpatient/ follow-up visits	Number of hospital-free days	Hospital-isation/ non-hospital-isation costs
Pietratonio et al.30	AM	Decrease							Decrease
Scherr et al.21	AM		Decrease						Decrease
Wintrich et al.31	AM		Decrease						Decrease
Blasco et al.35	SM			Increase
Geramita et al.,27	AM			Increase
Gallagher et al.,38	SM			Neutral
Riegel et al.47	UM			Increase					Neutral
Dabbs et al.49	AM				Increase
Bernocchi et al.,39	SM					Increase
Fang et al.,40	SM					Increase
Hisam et al.43	SM					Increase
Li et al.42	SM					Neutral
Li et al.44	SM					Increase
Somsiri et al.29	AM					Increase
Schultz et al. 2020	SM					Increase	Decrease
Graetz et al.,26	AM						Neutral
Soh et al.45	UM						Neutral
Ahmed et al.24	AM						Neutral
Ebert et al.,36	SM						Decrease
Bouwsma et al.,25	AM							Decrease
Boriani et al.22	AM								Decrease
Indraratna et al.32	AM								Decrease
Jakobsen et al.33	AM								Neutral
Weintraub et al.34	SM								Decrease
Gray et al.,48	UM								Neutral
Higgins et al.28	AM									Decrease
Hindricks et al.23	AM									Decrease
van Goor et al.46	UM										Neutral
Guédon-Moreau et al.,37	SM											Neutral (hospital costs); Decrease (Non-hospital cost)

Notes: (i) increase: increase/higher/more; decrease: decrease/lower/lesser; neutral: no effect/effect was insignificant. (ii) The results reflect the directions for the intervention groups as compared to the control groups. (iii) SM scheduled monitoring, UM Unscheduled monitoring, AM alert-driven monitoring.