Figure 3. Associations Between Adherence to a Healthy Prenatal Dietary Pattern and Autism-Related Outcomes.

Adjusted covariates in each model were child sex, maternal history of depression, maternal age, maternal education, planned pregnancy, prenatal alcohol intake, prenatal multivitamin supplement use, prenatal smoking, prepregnancy body mass index, prepregnancy diabetes, and prepregnancy hypertension. The reference category was low adherence to a healthy prenatal dietary pattern. Autism was measured as a binary outcome (yes or no), and the other outcomes represent high levels of autism-related traits, including restrictive and repetitive behaviors (RRB) and social communication difficulties (SOC). SCDC indicates Social Communication Disorders Checklist; SCQ, Social Communication Questionnaire. The number following each outcome denotes the approximate age of the child in years when the measure was obtained eg, SCQ-8 Social Communication Questionnaire measured at age 8 years. The presence of the outcome from each questionnaire was indicated by a high score. OR indicates odds ratio.