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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2025 Apr 15.
Published in final edited form as: Chem Res Toxicol. 2024 Mar 18;37(4):600–619. doi: 10.1021/acs.chemrestox.3c00411

Table 1.

Hyperparameter tuning of baseline kNN and RF classifier models. The parameters of the optimal models obtained in the nested grid search are shown in bold.

Model Hyperparameters (optimal are shown in bold) Cross-
validation F1
(macro) score
External (hold-
out) set F1
(macro) score
kNN fingerprint radius: [2, 3, 4, 5]
fingerprint length: [1536, 2048, 2560]
number of nearest neighbors: [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10]
weights: [‘uniform’, ‘distance’]
0.784 0.796
RF fingerprint radius: [2, 3, 4, 5]
fingerprint length: [1536, 2048, 2560]
n_estimators: [50, 100, 150, 200, 250, 300]
max_features: [0.001, 0.002, 0.005, 0.01, 0.02,.., 1.]
min_samples_split: [2, 3, 4]
0.853 0.861