Table 3.
Within-Person Mediated Effects of Pain Intensity and Mood on Sleep and Opioid Use
| Predictors | Mediators | a path (se) | b path (se) | c path (se) | Indirect effect (se) | 95% confidence interval | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Lower | Upper | ||||||
| Sleep quality | Pain intensity | −0.16 (0.04)* | 0.30 (0.04)* | −0.002 (0.03) | −0.05 (0.01)* | −0.08 | −0.02 |
| WASO | 0.006 (0.002)* | 0.298 (0.039)* | 0.001 (0.001) | 0.002 (0.001)* | 0.001 | 0.003 | |
| SOL | 0.007 (0.001)* | 0.299 (0.026)* | 0.001 (0.001) | 0.002 (0.001)* | 0.001 | 0.003 | |
| TST | −0.001 (0.0001) | 0.292 (0.026)* | 0.0001 (0.0001) | 0.0001 (0.0001) | −0.0001 | 0.0001 | |
| Sleep quality | Mood | 0.05 (0.04) | −0.01 (0.02) | 0.0001 (0.001) | −0.002 | 0.002 | |
| WASO | −0.002 (0.001) | −0.006 (0.20) | 0.0001 (0.0001) | −0.001 | 0.001 | ||
| SOL | −0.001 (0.001) | −0.009 (0.019) | 0.0001 (0.001) | −0.0001 | 0.0001 | ||
| TST | 0.001 (0.001) | −0.003 (0.019) | 0.0001 (0.0001) | −0.0001 | 0.0001 | ||
WASO, wake after sleep onset; SOL, sleep onset latency; TST, total sleep time. c path represents the total effect from sleep variables to opioid use, and is the same for both mediators and only reported once. * indicates statistically significant regression pathway.